dynamics
degrees of loudness
timbre
tone color/quality
pizzicato
plucking a string
vibrato
ptch wavers
meter
organizes beats in groups
staccato
detached style
legato
smooth connected style
tempo
speed
cadence
pause, defines phrase
woodwinds
single/double reeds
harmony
the way chords progress
triad
3 principle chords: I tonic, IV subdominant, V dominant
tonality
key
chromatic
12 tones make up octave
monophonic texture
single texture alone
homophonic texture
single melodic line with similar accompaniment
polyphonic texture
several melodies together forming harmony
a capella
unaccompanied vocal music
percussion
defnite/indefinite pitch
Church modes
served as basis for all music through the Middle Ages and Renaissance with virtual monopoly on learning by Monks
most Medieval music
sacred, vocal, a cappella, and modal
Gregorian Chant

set to Latin texts,

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official music of Roman Catholic Church in Medieval period,

monophonic in texture and sang a capella

Medieval Troubadours and Trouveres

12th and 13th century poets/musicians,

left a large body of secular songs that became more important than sacred music and not based on Chant melodies,

they celebrated love and chivalry but were often drinking songs

voice types emerged from development of vocal teaching by monks in medieval period

Female: soprano, mezzo, contralto(deep)

Male: tenor, baritone, bass

Renaissance period texture
polyphonic and vocal
Renaissance melody
modal
Renaissance sacred music

Mass: based on the five sung prayers of the ordinary: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei.

 

Motet:polyphonic chordal work set to a sacred Latin text

Renaissance Secular Music
1520 the Italian madrigal emerged: a piece of several voices set to a short poem about love, combines homophonic and polyphonic textures and uses text painting and unusual harmonies
Renaissance instrumental music
still subordinate to vocal music, but increasingly emancipated from vocal modes. music was specifically written for instruments and dancing
Lute
versatile and popular plucked string Renaissance instrumennt played in the home and for outdoor festivals