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| the quality of a note that distinguishes “high” notes from low “notes” |
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| the number of sound waves per second |
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| unit by which frequency is measured |
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| variation in pitch over time; perceived as a series of intervals; a sequence of pitches in rhythm |
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| quality of precision of pitch |
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| distance in pitch between two notes |
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| most fundamental interval; 2:1 frequency ratio |
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| pitch frequencies that are played or heard in a musical system |
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| twelve-tone equal temperament |
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| tuning system used in the most Western music |
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| pitch towards which other pitches seem to be attracted |
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| the feeling that a melody is organized around a tonal center |
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| music that uses a tonal center |
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| music with ambiguous tonal centers, multiple tonal centers, and sometimes no tonal center |
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| music that intentionally avoids having a tonal center |
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| a subset of all available pitches in a tuning system, often with impact on melodic motion |
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| mode with five intervals within the octave |
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| specification of a precise pitch as tonal center; a concept in music with a standardized tuning system |
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| general direction of melody; shape of sequence of adjacent intervals |
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| gamut of pitches from lowest to highest |
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| range of pitches in a unit of melody in relation to the overall range of pitches in the tuning system |
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| the point in melody that feels at rest and “having arrived” |
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| the section of a melody between successive cadences |
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| a recurring melodic fragment that signals a cadence |
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| half-cadence, semi-cadence |
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| cadences that bring closure to a section of a melody but not the whole piece |
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| added notes or other small changes in pitch and loudness that don’t change the overall character of a melody |
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| short melodic fragment, usually repeated |
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| an entire melody recognizable as a discrete entity |
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| largest levels of musical architecture that guide the listening experience, providing expectations (repetitions) and surprises (contrasts) |
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| a group of melodic phrases repeated over and over with different words |
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| same melodic section with same words |
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| sequence of new and repeated stanzas |
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| repetition with some changes |
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| repetition of same melody at different pitch level |
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| shift of pitch that serves as tonal center; melody has changed key; or, new mode set on same tonic |
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| after a melody is introduced it is played many times with changes |
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| how music is organized in time |
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| isochronous temporal grid |
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| constant brief intervals of time by which musical time can be figured |
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| temporal unit at which musical rhythm is felt, to which the body moves; regular division of musical time |
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| notes appear to have temporal patterning but without a constant pulse |
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| rate at which beats occur |
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| gradual slowing down of tempo |
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| organization of beats, division of beats, groupings of beats into distinct temporal levels |
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| beats are grouped in twos |
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| beats are grouped in threes |
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| beats contain two shorter durations; “simple” meter |
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| beats contain three shorter durations; “compound” meter |
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| a note whose onset is not on a moment of metrical stress that is emphasized in the music; rhythm that runs counter to metrical stress patterns |
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| a beat usually located at the beginning of a grouping of beats that conveys a sense of expectation of beginning and that marks musical organization |
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| giving emphasis to a single note |
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| the term under which loudness in music is discussed |
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| gradual increase in loudness |
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| gradual decrease in loudness |
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| musical result of different roles taken by singers and instrumentalists performing in ensemble; the relative importance and distribution of various instrumental or vocal parts |
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| same melody performed by two voices at octave interval |
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| same melody performed by two voices that maintain same intervallic separation |
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| single melody accompanied by harmony; listener’s attention is focused on the main melody; song’s identity is a function of the main melody |
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| listener’s focus is shared among several simultaneous melodies without one melody being the main focus; several simultaneous melodies of equal musical significance |
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| one melody performed in polyphonic texture |
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| several melodies, guided by common structural principles, weave around one another |
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| simultaneous variations, especially in rhythm; multiple musicians perform the same melody each rendering it slightly differently with ornaments and melodic variation |
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| constant pitch played continuously as a background or reference point |
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