erhu
a two-stringed Chinese spike fiddle with hollow wooden cylindrical sound box
ban
Generic term for Chinese wooden clappers
gu
generic name for Chinese drum
dizi

Chinese transverse (horizontal) bamboo flute,

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with six finger holes.

xiao
Chinese bamboo notch flute that comes in different sizes. Held vertically in front of player
pipa
pear shaped, four stringed plucked lute with a short neck and many frets.
sheng

Chinese mouth organ,

blow air in and suck air out.

yangqin

Chinese dulcimer,

struck with bamboo sticks

guqin
Chinese seven-stringed zither. Most revered instrument, patronized by members of the educated class. Plucked not struck.
suona

Chinese conical (bell shaped flare on end)

double-reed oboe.

guzheng

Chinese zither with movable bridges,

16-25 strings, related to the guqin with 7 strings

ruan

Chinese type of lute with

straight long neck and round body.

Strings are plucked like a banjo

shadow puppetry

(mu ou ju)

Chinese entertainment, controlled with sticks behind cloth scrim. Shadows projected on scrim by lights from behind, accompanied by traditional Chinese instruments.
Chinese Cultural Revolution
complex social and political upheaval that began as a struggle between Mao Zedong and other top Commiunist Party leaders for domination of the Party and went on to affect all China with its calls for “continuing revolution” and “class struggle.” Dates are 1966 to 1976
Jingxi

proper name for

the well-known Chinese musical theater

Sheng
Male role in Chinese Jingxi
Dan
Female role in Chinese Jingxi
Jing

Chinese painted-face role,

played by male whose face is painted with intricate colored patterns.

Sings with thraoty voice and in forceful maner.

Chou

Chinese male comic role.

Doesn’t sing very often,

but when he does it is usually

in exaggerated and ironical manner.

jinghu

leading melodic instrument in

The Beijing Opera Theater.

It is a two-stringed bamboo spike fiddle with a very high and piercing range and timbre.

Chinese elements

Monophonic ; Heterophonic texture

Importance of ornamentation

Vatiations in timbre

Elaborate variations of basic melody

white;face paint
Chinese evil character
red face paint
Chinese character of goodness
Mo

older male character in Chinese Opera

“Commedia dell’ arte” stereotype character

Songs for the masses

collection of Chinese pieces based on

the Soviet model and western harmonies, apealing to the masses, simple, folk