Ethnocentrism
judge things from own perspective
Ethnomusicology

study of music in context

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(culture, anthropology)

folk
amateurs for their community enjoyment
popular

professionals for mass audience,

selling as commodity

art music
professionals, depth of expression, audience less important or classical music
Tuning systems

determining frequencies represented

Western culture – 12 tone equal temperment Aeolian – A minor

Ionian – C major

Tonality
melody revoles around “tonic”
Modes
>>pentatonic >>hexatonic >>octatonic
pentatonic
hexatonic
octatonic
Musical stress and syncopation

stress–a sense of expectation, new beginning of beats or grouping and subdivisions

 

Syncopation–metrical stress of a note is displaced so that empasis occurs on normally unstressed beats

Textures

Monophony

Polyphony

Homophony

Heterophony

Drone

Drum polyphony

Monophony
one voice (unison)
Polyphony
2 or more independent voices
Homophony
melody + accompanyment
Heterophony

start same,

every one then improvises simultaneously

Drone
a long constant pitch played throughout all or part of composition–foundation reference point
Drum polyphony
drum accompanyment
tessitura
where the melody lies in relation to the range of instrument