abduct
to move apart, separate
adduct
to bring together, unite
amplitude
the maximum distance a vibrating body moves from its median position
Bernoulli Effect
When air passes through folds, they adduct
cartilage
tissue more flexible than bone
compression
part of the sound wave that was pressurized
constrictor
extrinsic muscles responsible for lowering the larynx: superior, middle, inferior
cricoid cartilage
a solid ring located below and behind the thyroid cartilage
diaphragm
large, dome-shaped muscle at the base of the ribcage, separates the lungs from the viscera
dorsal
down the back
epiglottis
the cartilage that covers the larynx while swallowing
extrinsic
involving the exterior
glottis
space between the vocal folds
gola aperta
open throat
hard palate
anterior bony portion of the roof of the mouth
harmonic (partial)
a frequency that is a multiple of a given fundamental frequency – overtone series
intrinsic
involving the interior
intrinsic laryngeal muscles
muscles within the larynx responsible for abduction, adduction, longitudinal tension of the folds
lamina propria
2nd layer of the vocal fold comprised of three subdivisions – superficial, intermediate, and deep
larynx
cartilaginous at the top of the trachea that houses the vocal folds, 5 cartilages, and 1 bone
lateral
toward the side – away from the center
ligament
tissue more dense than muscles that connects bone to bone
longitudinal
along the length of a structure
medial
toward the center
muscosa
synonymous with epithelium -bathed in mucus
mucosal wave
rolling action of the folds during phonation – opening and closing from bottom to top
muscle
tissue that functions to produce motion
muscular antagonism
2 or more sets of muscles contact in opposite directions
musical tone
regular sound waves
mutational chink
adolescence breath stage – vocal folds don’t fully abduct
myoelastic aerodynamic
compressed air exerts pressure on the undersurface of the closed folds – assists with adduction
noise
irregular sound waves
period
one cycle of compression and rarefaction
phonation
sound generated by vocal fold vibrations
physiology
interaction and functional relationship on the components of living organisms
pitch
frequency of vibrations
placement
localizatiions of sensations with an appropriate lined vocal tract
posterior
toward the rear
rarefaction
the part of a sound wave that is depressurized
relaxers
muscles which shorten and thicken the vocal folds
sonance
characteristics of sounds that are NOT tone
sound wave
cycle of compression and rarefaction an elastic medium
strap muscles
muscles in the neck, head and shoulder region which stabilize and anchor the larynx
tendon
the tissue that is more dense that muscles, that connect musles to bone
throax
the chest cavity
thyroid cartilage
Adam’s Apple – sheild-shaped protector of the vocal folds
timbre
quality of tone – vocal color
trachea
windpipe
velum
soft palate
ventricle
tiny air space above the true folds
ventricular bands
false folds – lubricate the true folds and are also used for coughing
vocal pedagogy
science of teaching voice
vocalis muscle
TA – thyroarytenoid muscle – compresses 2/3 of the vocal folds