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choral music without instrumental accompaniment
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| a sharp, flat, or natural symbol before a note; indicates a pitch from outside the specified scale |
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an instrument that creates sound by the vibration of a column of air
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| a female voice with a range lower than soprano, or a high male voice |
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musical form written to coincide with a story to be danced
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a male voice with a range between tenor and bass
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| a vertical line on the staff that separates one measure from the next |
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| a male voice with the lowest range |
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a symbol that indicates that the fourth line from the bottom of a staff represents the pitch of F below middle C; also called an F clef
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| the underlying pulse in music |
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the form of a piece that has two sections, AB
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1) a linking passge in a piece of music; 2) the part of a string instrument over which the strings pass
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a progression of notes or chords that gives the effect of closing a passge of music
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| the French word for "song," used specifically in reference to French polyphonic songs in medieval times and during the Renaissance |
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a traditional German hymn
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a combination of three or more pitches played at once
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| an instrument that produces sound via the vibration of a stretched string that is bowed, plucked, or struck |
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a scale based on an octave of twelve semitones as opposed to a diatonic scale
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| a symbol that designates the pitch range to be displayed on the staff |
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a passage at the end of a movement or composition that brings it to a formal close
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| originally referred to a work that featured effects of contrast, but now refers to a work in which a solo instrument is contrasted with a larger ensemble or orchestra |
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refers to a combination of sound that is smooth and harmonious
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| a bass accompanient, usually played on a keyboard or plucked instrument, in which numerals written underneath the notes indicate the kind of harmony to be played; the group of instruments playing the continuo part |
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gradually increasing in loudness
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gradually decreasing in loudness
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a scale using only the eight tones of a standard major or minor scale without chromatic deviations
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| refers to combinations of sounds that are rough and inharmonious |
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the fifth step or degree of a scale
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the accented beat at the beginning of a measure
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the gradations of loudness in music
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| an instrument that produces sound by electronic means |
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| a system of tuning based on a scale whose "steps" or degrees have logarithmically equal intervals between them* |
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the structure or organization of a piece of music
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| refers to the number of vibrations per second that create a sound; this determines the pitch of a sound |
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a type of composition or technique in which a meoldic theme is subjected to melodic imitation
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| a lively court dance in triple meter that was popular in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries* |
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| the sounds heard together when a sound is produced by a vibrating string or air column, through its vibration in parts (two halves, then thirds, and so on)* |
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the combination of more than one musical pitch at a time and the subsequent relationships between intervals and chords
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| the unit of measure of frequency; the number of cycles per second |
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| a texture in which several different versions of the same melody are played simultaneously |
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a texture with one melody and varied supporting accompaniment; a texture in which the parts generally move together
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| a texture in which the melody and the supporting parts perform similar rhythms |
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an instrument that produces sound by being struck, plucked, rubbed, or bowed
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the distance between two pitches
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| the tonality and major or minor scale of a piece of music; this is labeled according to the note to which the piece gravitates* |
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| the group of flats or sharps placed on the staff at the beginning of a piece that indicates the tonality of the scale used |
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| the seventh degree of a scale, a semitone below the tonic, which gives music a seonse of leading back to the tonic |
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| a recognizable theme or musical idea that represents a character or concept in a dramatic work |
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| the text of an opera or oratorio |
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a secular Renaissance composition of poetic text for several unaccompanied vocal parts; usually has a ritornello
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a scale in which the distance from the first to the third tone is four semitones
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a metrical division of music, marked by vertical lines through the staff called bar lines
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a succession of notes sung on one syllable
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a sequence of musical pitches with a recognizable shape or tune
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an instrument that produces sound when its stretched membrance is struck or rubbed
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the grouping of beats to a regular pulse
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a female voice with a range midway between soprano and alto
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a scale in which the distance between the first and third notes is three semitones
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| a texture with only one melody and no supporting accompaniment |
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| a polyphonic choral work that was one of the most important musical forms from the thirteenth to the eighteenth centuries and was commonly used the the Roman Catholic Church |
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| a self-contained section of a larger musical work |
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the internval between two notes of the same name (e.g. the interval between C1 and C2), twelve semitones apart
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| a sung drama that is set to music and has costumes and scenery and usually has a secular theme |
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the Latin word for "work" that is used with a number to sequence and identify the work of a composer
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a sung drama that is performed chorally with no costuming or scenery and that has a religious theme
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a type of medieval polyphony with one or more voices added to a plainsong
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| a slow court dance in duple meter popular in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries* |
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the highness or lowness of a sound
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liturgical chants to Latin text used since the Middle ages, also called Gregorian chants
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the simultaneous use of more than one meter
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| a texture in which two or more melodic lines are combined |
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| the use of simultaneous contrasting rhythms |
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| instrumental music that is narrative or descriptive of a nonmusical idea, e.g. a work of literature, a painting, etc. |
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| a flexible strip of cane or metal set into the mouthpiece or air opening of certain instruments that produces a tone by vibrating in response to a stream of air* |
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the amplification or prolongation of a musical tone produced by sympathetic vibration
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in a musical notation, one of several symbols corresponding to a given number of beats that indicates a period of silence
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the organization of sounds and silences through time
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a recurring section in a piece of music
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an extension of the binary form wherein the first section is repeated at the end
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a form that has a repeating "A" section, which alternates with two or more contrasting sections (e.g. ABACA)
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a set of conjunct pitches within an octave used for musical composition
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| the written form of a musical composition for several performers |
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