col legno tratto
bowing the string with the wood side of the bow
martele
on the string staccato (requires a hard jerking arm motion)
sul tasto
bowing slightly over the fingerboard for a muted flute-like quality
alla chittara
strumming the strings with the fingers- like a guitar
detache
the alternating of up-bow, down-bow (a separate bow stroke for each note)
jete
(thrown bow) playing back and forth across all 4 strings
col legno battuto
tapping the string with the wood side of the bow
legato bowing
is indicated by a slur mark; all notes within the slur should be played with a single bow stroke
flautando
a more extreme form of sul tasto combined with tremolo
sul ponticello
bowing near the bridge for a metallic-raspy sound
the least powerful string on the violin
D
the designation that would refer to a passage played entirely on the G string
sul G
typical number of players found in a Violin I section
16
T/F most violin music requires using only one string per phrase
false
T/F it is possible to play a unison “stopped” and “open string” pitch at the same time
true
the famous glissandi natural harmonics in the score Stravinsky’s Firebird are all found on which string?
D
T/F it is possible to stop all four strings with a single finger (by playing perfect fifths)
false
T/F open strings are never used for double stops
false
it is possible to obtain an artificial harmonic by lightly pressing the string at what interval above a given note (other than a 4th)
a 5th
a good range limit for writing melodies on the G string (as given by your text) would be (calulated above the open G string)
an octave and a 4th
T/F the fingering of the viola is identical to that of the violin
true
which string of the viola has a strikingly different timbre from the other three
A string
Mozart and Haydn would have expected their orchestras to contain about how many violas?
5
T/F while violas differ in varying sizes from violins, viola bows are in fact identical to violin bows
false
T/F viola players must be able to read in both alto and treble clefs
true
the modern orchestra typically consists of how many viola players
12
T/F the longer the string the less of an effect a pizzicato note will have
false
composer Alban Berg notated a pizzicato “over the fingerboard” with the term
Griffbrett
Berg notated a pizzicato “near the bridge” with the term
Steg
T/F artificial harmonics are not used due to the awkward and difficult finger stretch (of a fourth) that would be required
false
T/F fingered tremolo’s larger than a major third are not playable on cello
false
T/F it is a good idea for cellos never to double the basses at the unison
false
all intervals within the range of an octave except ( ) are playable as double stops
2nds
plucked harmonics on the cello resemble those of what instrument
harp
the cello strings which are the most similar in sound quality are the
G and C
the normal cello bow is how many inches in length
28 1/4
orcehstrally-cellos are usually given melodies on which string
A
T/F pizzicato chords onc cello are not possible (unlike violin and viola)
false
T/F the standard notation for changing cello bowing direction is with a plus or minus sign
false
T/F four part chords (especially arpeggiated) are encounted more frequently than any other
false
T/F there are two possible meanings of divisi a 2. one meaning is to divide between the first and second violins
false
the german expression die halfte means what
half the section plays
the instrumentation of Stravinsky’s Symphony of Psalms requires what string instruments only
cellos and basses
in terms of score layout there are two possible meanings of bassi; one means double-basses, the other refers to
cellos and double basses
the normal score placement of a solo instrument (now) is where?
above the 1st violins
in the Bach Keyboard concertos, the solo part is located where in the score
at the bottom of the score
T/F double-bass natural harmonics are impractical for orchestral purposes
false
T/F in general, pizzicato and other special effects resonate better on the double-bass than on the other string instruments
true
T/F unlike the cello, the double-bass uses only bass and tenor clefs
false
T/F double bass harmonics (in treble clef) are notated at their actual pitch
true
T/F the double basses are never muted
false
a safe upper limit for double-bass writing is how far above the G string
an octave and a fifth
intervals playable as double stops (aside from those using an open string) are
3rds, 4ths, and 5ths