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| Composers, artists, poets, etc. from a certain country would work in other countries beside their own, inventing an international musical style. |
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| Main themes include reason, nature, and progress; humanitarian movement; pleasure rather than purpose –> the sense that music was performed for one’s own entertainment rather than for church or concert purposes |
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| interested in promoting the welfare of humankind; rulers promoted social reform; rulers had absolute power over their subjects but used it for the betterment of their subjects –> programs to expand education and care for the poor |
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French term for music that had song-like melodies, short phrases, frequent cadences, and light accompaniment
–> Originated in Italy |
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This style is characterized by surprising turns of harmony, chromaticism, nervous rhythms, and speech-like melodies
–> Originated in Italy |
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| term for the late 18th century style –> qualities of noble simplicity, balance, forma perfection, diversity within unity, seriousness or wit as appropriate, and freedom from excesses of ornamentation and frills |
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| Characterized by frequent resting points breaking the melodic flow into segments that relate to each other as parts of a larger whole |
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| Rhetoric = art of oration |
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| He wrote “Versuch einer Anleitung zur Composition” which was a guide to melodic composition. |
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| Harmony functioned as a way to divide the melody into phrases and periods through weak and strong cadences |
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| A broken chord accompaniment that compensated for slower harmonic rhythm |
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| The beginning, middle, and end of a piece had specific functions and therefore created a vey specific form. The music, in a sense, had emphasis, inflections, and pauses to mark te beginning and ends of phrases similar to the way we speak. |
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| The new notion that emotions were not steady states, but were constantly changing made composers introduce contrasting moods in various parts of the movement or within the themes themselves |
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| comic opera; plots pertained to the average, everyday person, as it was to be performed in a public theater for the middle class; arias in galant style and in da capo form |
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| performed between acts of a serious opera; originated in Naples and Venice in 1700 because comic scenes were cut from the serious opera. They replaced the scenes and were still comic |
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| very original composer who wrote Intermezzos, his most famous one being “La serva padrona” |
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| serios opera; treated serious subjects without comedy; consisted of 3 acts which alternated recits with arias |
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| he set the standard form for serious opera; his operas were intended to promote morality through entertainment and to present models of merciful and enlightened rulers, in tune with enlightenment thought |
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| still the favorite; Metastasio wrote 2 stanza aria text which became standard, however, composers shortened the repetition of the 1st section buy omitting the opening ritornello and therefore created “dal segno” |
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| means “from the sign” indicated that only part of the 1st section is to be repeated |
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| popular opera composer in Europe mid-century; wrote elegant music where he added syncopation and scales for melodic interest and expressivity –> Lombardic rhythms |
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| Quarrel of the comic actors; this dispute was prompted by the presence of Paris in Italian comic opera troupe that for 2 seasons enjoyed sensational success with its performances of opera buffe and intermezzi, including “La serva padrona” |
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