Components of Music

Acoustics

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Pitch

Tone Color and Timbre

Loudness

Duration

Acoustics

The science of producing and perceiving sound

 

-production-mechanical vibrations

-propagation- oscillations of medium

-perception- vibrating of small bones of the middle ear

doubling frequency raises pitch
1 octave
Pitch

The perceived quality of a sound- function of its frequency

 

pitch goes up, frequency goes up

vice versa

tone color and timbre
The character of a sound, quality that distinguishes instruments
Loudness
The perceived characteristic of a sound’s intensity.;; volume
Duration
The time for which a sound/no sound lasts.; note values define this.
Instrument
Means for producing sound
Chordophone

plane of strings perpendicular to the soundboard.

;

harp.

string quartet

a composition for an ensemble 4 solo stringed instruments. also the ensemble itself.

;

2 violins, viola, cello

symphony
a work for orchestra in multiple movements
reed

thin elastic strip fixed at one end free at the other. vibrates

;

you know what a goddamn reed is

Hemiola

replacing two notes of equal value with three notes of equal value

;

;

aerophones

voice

chordophones
strings, voice
idiophones

the substance of instrument produces the sound.

;

cowbell is a good example

membranophones
drums
contralto
male or female between alto and tenor
castrato
young boy who is snipped so his voice remains the same
unison
same notes or melody played by several instruments to emphasize a phrase
divisi
indicates groups should be divided
muta
change the tuning of the instrument as specified
arco
played with the bow
pizzicato
plucking the string with the fingers
mute
placing a small rubber mute on the bridge of the string instrument
sul ponticello
bowing on the bridge
sur la touche
bowing over the fretboard
col legno
playing with the wood of the bow

tremolo

quick reiteration of the bow on the same note
o

harmonic

;

just touch the string and change

woodwind quartet
piccolo, flute, oboe, english horn
Woodwind Quintet
flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, horn
saxaphones
contrabass, bass, baritone, tenor, c melody, alot, mezzo-soprano, soprano, c soprano, sopranimo
Flutterzunge

fluttertongue

;

rapid alteration of the tongue

open
no hand on the bell of horn
stopped
hand on the bell of the horn
cuivre
played with a harsh blasting tone

beat

smallest coherant rhythmic unit
unmetered
no recurring beat pattern
polymeter
multiple main beat patterns occurring simultaneously
asymetrical
main beat pattern other than duple or triple

ritardando

slow down
accelerando
speed up
melody
the manipulation of pitch over time
range

narrow 1-4

medium 5-8

wide 9or more

phrase
dependent clause
period
a melodic sentence
motive
the shortest coherent melodic structure
Harmony
Manipulation of pitches siultaneously

Authentic Cadence

Plagel

Half

Deceptive

V-I

IV-I

IV-V

V-VI

monophony
1 line of music
heterophony
1 line with many embellishments
homophony
1 melodic line and accompaniment
polyphony
multiple melodic lines usually imitating one another

Binary form

Ternary Form

rondo (3)

AB

ABA

;

ABACA

ABACABA

ABACADA