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Lighter textures and softer dynamics
Use of solo instruments (color)
Freer from (seamless sections)
Flowing unaccented rhythm
Harmony- whole tone scale – (6 tones)
Parallel chords d pedal point
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Born: St. Petersbug, Russia, pianist
Life: studied with Rimsky-Korsakov (‘Russian 5’)
Work/Style 1:
Influenced by Russian folklore, song and dance
(‘Ballet russes’=in paris, with Diaghilev)
“firebird”, “Petrushka” (nationalism)
“the Rite of Spring”
Work/style 2: lived in Paris
Works in ‘Neo-classic’ style
Neo-classic- new classic (using technique from previous era)
Form or genres of earlier periods
Smaller orchestras
Contemporary harmonies and rhythms
Work/style 3: lives in USA
Citizen, professor at UCLA
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Born: Vienna, the “second Viennese School’
Life: served in Austrian military WWI, moved to USA, professor at USC
Style: influenced by ‘Expressionism’
Harsh dissonance, disjunct melodies
‘atonal’ – music with no key center
Started to think about it, thought it wasn’t a good idea cause I can you have a master piece that’s so random.
“12-tone” or “serial” music
Works: orchestra (‘Five Piece for Orchestra’)
Art songs (‘Pierrot Lunaire’)
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Born: Hungary, pianist, Budapest Academy of Music
Life: recording folk songs in Eastern Europe
Emigrated to the USA during WWII
Works: sting quartets, “Concerto for orchestra”
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“Porgy & Bess” with brother lyricist Ira Gershwin
(1935, popularized in the early 50’s)
About African-American life wet in Charleston, SC (Catfish Row)
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Neo-classic- new classic (using technique from previous era)
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Harsh dissonance, disjunct melodies
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playing a set of 2 different keys at the same time
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Acknowledged ‘founder father’ of American musical comedy
“showboat” (1927) with lyricist Oscar Hammerstein
Set stage for the later works with serious plots about the African- American life on the Mississippi River.
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Lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II
Popular musicals spanning 2 decades
“Oklahoma” (1943)- song and ‘ballet’ integrated with story line, dance choreography by Agnes DeMille, 1st complete orginal cast recording.
Others – “Sound of Music” (1959)
Based on von Trapp Family Singers (film) set in Austria during WWII
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“Porgy & Bess” with brother lyricist Ira Gershwin
(1935, popularized in the early 50’s)
About African-American life wet in Charleston, SC (Catfish Row)
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Conductor of New Philharomic
Produced “Young Peoples Concerts” for TV
“West Side Story” (1957)
Urban version of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (here represented by Toney and Maria)
Shakespeare’s Capulets and Montagues (recast as urban gangs – Jets & Sharks
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developed from African-Americqn piano style
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Blues (late 1800’s)
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developed from the African American singing style
bendijg pitches and ‘blue notes’ (part of ‘ble scale’)
12 bar blues form: AAB
quarduple meter, liting rhythm
‘call ; response’ improvisation
Bessie Smith, the “EMRESS” of the blues
Lost Your Head Blues
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new orleans jazz (dixieland) early 1900’s
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played by “Dixieland Bands” of 5-8 players
Melody = trumpet, clarinet, trombone
rhythm = banjo (piano), tuba (st bass), drums
improvisation by 3 melody instruments (polyphonic)
tunes based on Rag style, blues style, or pop song
‘chorus’ = solo section
‘scat singing’ = nonsense syllables
(imitate intrumental style)
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Louis ‘satchmo’ armstrong
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trumpet ; bandleader
improvised solos, invented ‘scat singing’
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clarent/bandleader. ‘King of Swing’
hits- Sing Sing Sing, Blue Skies
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trombone/ bandleaders
hits- in the mood
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‘Lady day’, grew up in Harlem
blue ; ballad style
(‘lady sings the Blues’ biography movie)
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‘queen of scat’, ‘first lady of song’
grew up in harlem, driving swinging style
4 grammy awards.
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Bebop (started late 1940’s)
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Developed in ‘jam sessions’ (creative oulet)
small combos- trumpet, saxophone
rhythm = piano, bass, dums
intended for listening (small clubs)
improvised, fast rhythm, complex harmony
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cool (started early 50’s)
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More relaxed jazz than the bebop
(lyrical melodies, slower tempos
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