dynamics
denote the volume at which music is played
crescendo
grow louder
decrescendo or diminuendo
grow softer
sforzando
“forcing” and accent on a single note or chord
pianissimo
very soft
piano
soft
mezzo piano
moderatley soft
mezzo forte
moderately loud
forte
loud
fortissimo
very loud
tempo
rate of speed, or pace of the music
allegro
fast
moderato
moderate
adagio
quite slow
accelerando
speeding up
ritardando
slowing down
andante
walking pace
vivace
cheerful
presto
very fast
allegretto
moderately fast
theme
melodic ideas, used as building blocks
ostinatos
repeated short patterns
thematic development
expanded by varying the melody rhythm or harmony
rocket theme
strong marchlike theme that rapidly ascends to its peak
absolute music
no prescribed story or text to hold the music together
exposition
the opening sectin of sonata-allegro form aka-statement