Melody
the most prominent musical line
Counter-Melody
a line that is different but complimentary to the melody
Accompaniment
music that supports the melodic structure but does not stand on its own
Chord
the effect of 2 or more notes being played simultaneously
Harmony
may refer to the accompaniment, to the background chords or to chords being produced by melodies played together
Monophony
a single unaccompanied melodic line (whether produced by one voice or many)
Homophony
a single melody with accompaniment ex: voices that are all moving in the exact same rhythm
Polyphony
2 or more melodies produced at the same time
Frequency
the highness or lowness of sound, pitch
Amplitude
loudness or softness of sound, dynamics
Timbre
the tone color or quality of sound
Duration
the length of time a particular note is played
Scale
is the pattern of notes in a certain order
Key
a musical term that tells you how many sharps and flats are in the piece
Mode
variation of the major scale
Interval
the distance between 2 notes
Meter
division into parts of equal time
Rhythm
pattern of when notes occur 
Tempo
the speed a piece in played
Pythagoras

      Prominent Greek philosopher, mathematician and music theorist

Middle Ages: 3 types of music

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      “Musical Instrumentalis” musical sound

      “Musica Humana” harmony of the human body

     “Musica Universalis” music of the spheres, motion of planets and celestial bodies

troubadors

entertained upper classes; poet/composers; flourished in southern France (“trouvéres” in the north)

Gregorian Chant

Pope Gregory the Great wanted to standardize Christian worship 

The singing style that evolved in this genre is called “Gregorian Chant” and it is melismatic: one syllable spread over several different notes

Notre Dame Organum

New system of notation allowing for rhythmic instructions

workplace of Leonin

first western polyphonic style called “organum”

use of rhythmic “modes”

Motet

  is a secular polyphonic composition with at least part of the text in Latin

Isorhythm
is made up of “color” and “talea”
Ars nova
composed by Phillppe de Vitry
Leonin

 wrote “Magnus Liber Prganum” (“great book of polyphonic music”)