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-extravagant experimentation that had marked the PREWAR period no longer seemed appropriate
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-turn back to other styles and genres (ex. Classicism)
-alternatives to modernism were explored
-a search for solid standards and norms (ex. Serialism)
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Modernism in music (2nd phase) |
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-re-emerges as the driving force in music furing the 3rd quarter of teh 20th cenutry; in a new more extreme phase
-two main (contradictory phases):
1)COMPLEX CONSTRUCTIVISTS: highly intellecutal constructive tendencies (inspired by Schoenberg’s serialism) ;
2) CHANCE COMPOSERS: relinquishing control of some elements of musical construction and leaving them to chance;
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a general term for sound quality, either of a momentary chord or of a whole piece or style
-one of the two areas in which avant-garde music in post WWII pahse made the greatest of its breakthroughs (the other area was TIME and RHythm) ;
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1 of 3 stages of electronic music
-incorporating sounds of life into compositions
-lives on in ;sampling;;
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1 of 3 stages in the evolution of electronic music.
-appartus designed for music with arrays of sound-producing modules connected by ;patch cords; to create complex sounds ;
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last of 3 stages in the evolution of electronic music
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also called aleatoric music (dice)
-certain elements usually specified by the composer are left to chance
-chance composers questioned assumptions about musical time
-stress a passive sense of time that cuts against goal-directed culture
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–LUX AETERNA (1966)
–typifies search for new sonorities and also new attitudes towards time
-some music uses no clear pitches or chords
-;sound complexes; ; slowly change over time; so many pitches that consonance, dissonance and quality of pitch is lost
-no discernable time or rhythm
-;drone-like; quality (glacial surging, sense of receding, yet diverse tone colours).
-MUSICAL FORM: simplicity.;
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-EDGARD VARESE
-extraordinary multimedia experience, 1958 World Fair;
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an interesting composer who bridged BOTH phases of modernism in twentieth-century music
-1920s; music among most radical
-approach to RHYTHM and SONORITY (especially)
-makes use of MUSIQUE CONCRETE IN ;poeme; ;
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the most consistent radical figure of postwar music (the ;father; of CHANCE music); following footsteps of Ives
-studied with Schoenberg;
-statement often more important than the SOUNDS
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-earliest and most famous of the new styles emerging in the mid-1960s
-sharp reaction ot complexities of modernist composition
-uses very simple melodies, motives and harmonies repeated many times
-presentation of long, slowly changing blocks of musical time (similar to modernist experimentation) ;
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-old master of the minimalist style
-MUSIC FOR 18 MUSICIANS: one of the early classics of minimalist style
-includes singers, cellists, violinists, clarinetists, and large percussion
-has timbre; percussive sound alternating between ringing and dry and brittle; reminiscent of the gamelan orchestras in Indonesia
-piece is not directed by a conductor but by the RESONANT VIBRAPHONE
-piece rigorously, schematically organized;
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-modernist (20th century)
-reich
-demonstrates minimalits’ love of symettrical musical forms (arch form in this case; A B A B A)
-demonstrates minimalists’ ability to make us hear MUSICAL PROCESS in a new way/with a new concentration (incessant repetition means we focus on the gradual changes)
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-SAARIAHO (1988)
-a cycle of five songs for two unaccompanied sopranos
-song set to words of Plath; bring together prose and another poem
-scatters stanzas unevenly across her five songs
-superimposes two different texts sung simultaneously (similar to the isorhythmic motet of the middle ages)
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today’s compositional scene is most noteworthy for three tendencies: |
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1. eclecticism: free, juxtaposing of many different styles and gestures
2. its self-conscious reference ot earlier styles and genres
3. its strong, straightforward expression
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long semidramatic piece on a religious subject for soloist, chorus and orchestra |
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