rhythm
organization of music in time
pulse
heartbeat, basic unit of motion in music
tempo
speed
largo
very slow, tempo
adagio
slow, tempo
andante
moderate tempo
allegro
fast tempo
presto
very fast tempo
accelerando
tempo speed up
ritardando
tempo slow down
meter
rhythmic organization, duple or triple
rhythmic patterns
comprised of notes of different relative duration
notes
symbols indicating duration of notes
rests
indicates silence
acoustics
branch of science that studies sound
irregular/regular
musical sounds = regular
frequency
speed of vibrations
amplitude
degree of loudness or softness
A440
note that musicians use to tune their instruments (number of cycles per second)
pitch
degree of highness or lowness of a sound
scale
set of fixed pitches
interval
distance between those fixed pitches
chromatic scale
12 pitches, used today
major scale
usually happy music
minor scale
sad music
tonality
moving away from the tonic
modulation
when a composer moves away from the main key
notation of pitch
through placement of a note on a type of graph which is called a staff and has 5 lines
line
series of pitches in rhythm
melody
distinctive memorable complete satisfying musical line
accompaniment
one or more secondary lines which support the melody
contour
pattern of pitches in a line
phrases
smaller sections of melody
cadences
resting place at the end of music phrase
articulation
manner in which pitches of a melody are sounded
staccato (articulaion)
short, detached manner
legato
smooth, connected manner
ornamentation
embellishments added to a melody by composer
trill
rapid alternation of two neighboring notes
grace note
note added to melody
glissandos
ornamentation
tremolos
trembling effect
theme
complete melody
motive
short melodic idea
moving accompaniment
heard very strongly with melody
chordal accompaniment
less distinctive, sounds like pillars
ostinato
short idea repeated without change through a composition
texture
result of the number and character of a musical line
monophonic texture
single, unaccompanied melody
polyphonic texture
two or more simultaneous and = important melodic lines
homophonic
single, primary melody with accompaniment
harmony
overall sound of different pitches
good harmony
consonant
bad harmony
dissonant
form
shape of a musical composition
strophic
same music, different words
verse and refrain
verse change, refrain is the same
song form
ternary, ABA
binary
AB
theme and variation
A A1 A2 A3…
rondo
ABACADAE
sonta
intro, exposition, development, recapitulation
color
distinctive sound that different istruments and voices can make
timbre
unique sound of instrument or voice
range
soprano,mezzo soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, bass
dynamics
degree of loudness or softness in music
crescendo
gradual increase in loudness
decrescendo
gradual decrease in loudness