The use of specified instruments to mark estimated time intervals. Ex: A gong sounding every 4th measure, a drum sounding every 8th measure.
Colotomic Structures
Played with a steady beat using harmonic structures of popular songs with syncopated rhythms, improvisations, and polyphonic ensembles.
Jazz
Opening section of music
Exposition
Beethoven’s Teacher
Franz Joseph Hayden
Restatement of expostion( or opening section)
Recapitulation
Means “sounding together” became the name for overtures in opera. Consists of long musical compositions for opera.
Symphony
French composer. Wrote Symphony Fantastique. Which became the landmark for the Romantic musical era. “Ide Fixe”
Hector Berlios
A fixed idea pertaining to Hector Berlios’ take on music
Ide fixe
Term brought up by Richard Wagner (french composer) that thought that music and theater could unite to make new music devoted to melodic passages associated with a character, the situation, or the theme
Leitmotif
A new era of classicism at which music was created in the 19th and 20th centuries being closely related to the pre-Romatic compositions of before.
Neoclassicism
Description or story that is included in a description program
program
instrumental music that carries some extramusical meaning, some “program” of literary idea, legend, scenic description, or personal drama. Ex: Weddding march for brides
Program Music
instrumental music that carries some extramusical meaning, some “program” of literary idea, legend, scenic description, or personal drama. Ex: Weddding march for brides
Program Music
“tone poem”musical composition for orchestra inspired by an extra-musical idea, story, or “program,” to which the title typically refers or alludes. Evolved from concert overatures to give theme…Ex:Felix Mendelssohn Midsummer nights dream, the wedding m
symphonic poem
a brisk and lively tempo
allegro
system of partially improvised accompaniment played on a bass line, usually on a keyboard instrument;giving considerable leeway to the keyboard player
basso continuo
solo at the end of an aria or a piece, serves as a climax
cadenza
short solo concert
concertino
using instruments to make the mass of an orchestra sound larger
ripieno
reaccuring themes, last movement of a sonata. Ex: a b a c a b a
rondo form
Musical form for one or more instruments, usually consisting of three or four movements.
sonata
Musical form for one or more instruments, usually consisting of three or four movements.
sonata
italian meaning “church sonata” a type of trio sonata
sonata de chiesa
italian meaning “chamber sonata” a type of trio sonata for secular performances
sonata de camera
requires four performers: two melody instruments and continuo (usually a keyboard instrument and a bass instrument
trio sonata
requires four performers: two melody instruments and continuo (usually a keyboard instrument and a bass instrument
trio sonata
a sonata that has a slow-fast-slow-fast order
sonata de chiesa or church sonata
Solo song with instrumental accompaniment in opera, cantata, or oratorio.
aria
“operaboofa” general designation for musical plays with light subject matter and happy endings. The dialogue is usually spoken, rather than sung
comic opera
a work consisting of two or more instruments or singers
ensemble
italian meaning “booklet” text of an opera, operetta, or other kind of musical theatre
libretto
Musical drama made up of vocal pieces with orchestral accompaniment, overtures, and interludes.
opera
served as openings for operas;Musical introduction to a larger, often dramatic, work
overture
Style of accompanied solo singing that imitates the rhythms and tones of speech
recitative
operas with sad, unhappy endings
tragic opera
Musical ensemble that generally excludes stringed instruments.
band
french technique consisting of changing the music melodically, harmonically, or contrapuntally. French songs with flexible form
chaconne
composer of the eastland wind ensemble
fredrick fennell
imitation of one or more themes in a piece
fugue
his innovations reduced the heavy reliance on brass instruments in favour of the higher proportion of reeds characteristic of modern concert bands. 1st composer of the modern american symphonic band
Patrick S. Gilmore
German composer that fled russia from persecution.He sought to revitalize tonality, the system underlying Western music for three centuries, which had begun to disintegrate, and also pioneered in the writing of Gebrauchsmusik, or “utility music,” (music m
Paul Hindemith
British composer & music teacher noted for the excellence of his orchestration.His music combines an international flavour based on the styles of Maurice Ravel,and others who continued english romanticism
Gustav Holst
Wrote Holst’s Planets 1916 that sounds similiar to a Titantic piece.
Gustav Holst
wrote “The Stars and Stripes Forever.” composer of many military marches. created a new bass tuba known as the sousa phone
John Phillip Sousa
meaning close imitation to
stretto
opening section of indian music consisting of one instrument sustaining one pitch
alap
improvised jazz. required great technical facilities for its players
bebop
the trumpeter Miles Davis led that established the relaxed aesthetic and lyrical phrasing called…
cool jazz
improvisation in cool jazz
gats
in hindu or buddha a sacred utterance (syllable, word, or verse) believed to possess mystical or spiritual power.
Ex: ummmmmm..
mantra
2 headed drum played in classical indian music
mridangam
meaning “color” or “passion” a melodic framework for improvisation based on a given set of notes (usually five to seven) and characteristic rhythmic patterns; the mood of the piece
raga
meaning “essense” in Sanskrit an essential element of any work of art that can only be suggested, not described
rasa
stringed musical instrument of the lute family that is common to northern India
Ex: Totti Raga (sounds like indiana jones)
sarod
instrument similiar to the oboe
Ex: Shenai Raga ( bees buzzing)
shenai
guitar-like instrument for indian music
sitar
set of two drums
tabla
the rhythm in the music of India and Pakistan, a metric cycle with a specific number of beats—from 3 to 128—that recur in the same pattern throughout a musical performance
tala
in indian music a clapping/ waving arrangement
tintal
a composition for four voice parts with the melody in the top line
frottola
composer of doedecaphonic music (12 tones). created songs set to other songs
Ex: an echo similiar to Bohemian Rhapsody
arnold schoenburg
“speech song” a cross between speaking and singing in which the tone quality of speech is heightened and lowered in pitch along melodic contours indicated in the musical notation
sprechstimme
composer who used word painting in chaconnes
Ex: El Grillo, where the singers keep saying grillo
Jackson Dupre
music created for small ensembles or groups. Usually named by ex: instrument + number of instruments. 3 trumpet players= trumpet trio
chamber music
french composer that emphasized classicism with romanticism = The Wedding March, etc.
Felix Mendelssohn
Composer who based his pieces on neoclassicism
Maurice Ravel
italian for “JOKE” the piece ranges from high to low sounds and fast tempos
scherzo
for transmission of musical data between digital components, such as synthesizers and a computer’s sound card.
MIDI
Created by Robert Moog,a small compact synthesizer
Moog Synthesizer
created by Thaddeus Kahil also called Dynamophone, earliest musical instrument to generate sound electrically
telharmonium
Created by Theremin also called Thereminvox, or Etherophone, electronic musical instrument by moving your hands to make different pitches in sound
theremin
Saxophone player
Ex: song sounds similiar to a tom and jerry cartoon when jerry is being chased.
Charlie Bird Parker
Trumpet Player
John Dizzy Gillespie
Song that sounds similiar to an up and down piano with operatic singers
Franz Schubert’s Earl King