| What did the great poets and philosophers begin referring to the time after 1750 as? What is significant about the date 1750? |
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| The Age of Enlightement; death day of Bach. |
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| The Classical Era roughly encompasses what years? |
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| What is the term applied to the transition from the Baroque style to the full flowering of the Classical and what composers were important pioneers in this new style? |
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| Preclassical; CPE Bach and Johann Bach |
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| What style in music entertained listeners with contrasts of mood and theme, was light and graceful in character and is comparable to the rococo style in art? |
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| Why is the term Classical so confusing? |
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There are 4 different definitons of the word classical.
- antiquity – Greece/Rome
- not popular music
- 18th and 19th Century
- something of lasting value
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| What three composers exemplify the fully developed Classical style? |
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| What is the general nature of the rhythmic patterns in a Classical piece? |
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What texture is predominant in the Classical Era?
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| Give two main characteristics of Classical melody |
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- tuneful and easy
- balaced and symmetrical
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| What Baroque device was gradually abandoned as more and more music was written for amateurs? |
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| What did the typical orchestra of the Classical period consist of? |
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| strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion |
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| Instrumental compositions of the Classical Period usually consist of several _____________ that contrast in tempo and character. |
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| What performing group is the symphony written for? |
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| the orchestra – strings, pairs of woodwinds, pairs of horns, pairs of trumpets, timpany |
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| What are the instruments in a string quartet? |
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| What three main wars were occurring during the 70 years between 1750 and 1820, which created such political and social upheaval? |
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- American Revolution
- French Revolution
- Napoleonic Wars
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| What was one f the musical centers in Europe during the Classical Period that Haydn, Mozart, and Beetoven were active in? |
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| What are the three main sections of the sonata or sonata-allegro form? |
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- Exposition – introduces 2 themes
- Development
- Recapitulation – see the 2 themes again and final ending
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| What is the optional ending composers often attach to the end of a sonata movement? |
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What are the broken fragments of a theme called?
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| What was the name of the individual who created the standard catalog of Mozart’s compostions? |
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| Theme and variations form may be schematically outlined as what? |
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| Each variations is usually the same length as the theme, but what can differ? |
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the character
- varry the melody
- rhythm
- harmony
- accompanament
- dynamics, tone color
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| In what way does a scherzo differ from a minuet? In what two ways are they the same? |
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Same – triple meter, ABA form
different – scherzo is faster
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| A set of 33 variations written by Beethoven are called the ________________. |
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| What composer was fond of replacing the minuet with the scherzo for the 3rd movement of a four-movement work? |
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| Write the tempos or styles and order of the movements in a typical symphony |
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- fast – vigorious
- slow – lyrical
- dance related – minuet or scherzo
- fast – brilliant/heroic
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| The minuet and trio are generally used in what movement in a classical symphony? |
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| write the schematics for Rondo form |
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| What was the great contribution of the classical period to orchestral music? |
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| What is the form and tempo of the first movements in most classical symphonies? |
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| What is a classical concerto? |
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| A three movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra |
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| Who are the greatest composers of the Classical concerto and what was their favorite solo instrument? |
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| Mozart and Beethoven; the piano |
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| Define a cadenza and tell where they are often found |
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| an unaccompanied showpiece for the soloist; near the end of the 1st and sometimes last movement. |
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| What was the most important form in classical Chamber Music? How many movements did it most often have? What is its instruments? |
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| string quartet; 4 movements (fast, slow, minuet/scherzo, fast); 2 violins, viola, cello |
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| Who was Joseph Haydn’s employer for most of his life? |
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| the Esterhazys family, the richest Hungarian noble family. |
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| How many string quartets and symphonies did Joseph Haydn compose? |
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| 68 quartets, 104 symphonies |
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| For what composition types is Haydn considered the pioneer in the development? |
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| the symphony and the string quartet |
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| List at least 4 other genres of music that Haydn composed |
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| piano sonatas, piano trios, divertimentos, concertos, operas, and masses. |
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| Mozart was continually on tour between what ages? |
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| On tours to which country did mozart master the current operatic style? |
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| List the forms which Mozart composed in |
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| symphonies, string quartets, piano concertos, opera |
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| When Mozart was 25, he became a freelance musician in what famous city? |
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| Don Giovanni is a combination of what two types of opera? |
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| What opera was a great success in Mozart’s last year of life? |
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| Die ZauberFrote (The Magic Flute) |
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| Who finished Mozart’s Requiem? |
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| To whom did Beethoven originally commemorate his 3rd symphony to as a symbol of heroism and democratic ideals? |
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| Beethoven was the heir of Haydn and Mozart and considered the bridge between what two musical eras? |
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| How did the endings of Beethoven’s symphonies differe from the endings of Haydn’s and Mozart’s symphonies? |
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| climactic and triumphant vs. light and relaxed |
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| What are Beethoven’s most popular works? |
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| What is considered unusual and unprecedented in Beethoven’s 9th symphony? |
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| using a chorus and 4 solo voices |
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| What is the title of Beethoven’s only opera? |
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| What poet bases the Beethoven’s 9th symphony on a poem on human brotherhood? |
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| Beethoven opened up ___________________________ and profoundly influenced composers throught the_____________. |
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| new realms of musical expression; 19th century (romantic era) |
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| Beethoven was never actually in the service of the aristocracy, but made his money in what ways? |
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| fees from giving piano and violin lessons, and publishers bought his composition |
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| Beethoven was stricken with what malady starting in his 29th year? |
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