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| mystic Chinese religion. guqin is referred to “the sound of emptiness” referring to the Daoist goal of freeing one’s mind through the contemplation of nothingness |
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| guqin is closely associated with this religion, and its social class of literati who cultivate the ideals of balance, harmony, and moderation in China |
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| art music of the court and rituals in China |
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| common entertainment and folk music in China |
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| five possible anhemitonic pentatonic modes in China |
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| curved board zither associated with the household and romantic songs in the literati class of Confucianism. has a different string for each pitch, but pitch can change by pressing down behind the bridge after plucking. |
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| pear-shaped lute in China; does not have the same place in the Chinese tradition as the guqin, but still highly regarded. |
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| name for traditional bowed lutes in china, originally meant “foreign” because it came from Central Asia. |
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| most important type of huqin;; primarily a solo instrument although it is featured in the sizhu ensemble; used in opera performance |
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| a fiddle pitched an octave higher than the erhu; used as lead instrument in Beijing opera; china |
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| lute with a very long fretless fingerboard and a shalloe box resonator covered in snake skin; three strings can be used to suit any range of singer; china |
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| “the moon lute”; distinctive circular shaped resonator. comes in many different sizes; china |
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| four-string fretted lute with a large circular resonator; china |
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| a trapezodial hammered box-zither; adapted from the middle-eastern santur; each string is stretched over an intermediate bridge, but the strings alternate from the left to right side; china |
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| transverse end-blown flute with six fingerholes; has a hole covered with a thin rice paper membrane that buzzes when the flute is played, giving it a rich, reedy timbre. common solo and small instrument, principle carrier of the melody in kunqu; china |
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| transverse end-blown flute with six fingerholes; has a hole covered with a thin rice paper membrane that buzzes when the flute is played, giving it a rich, reedy timbre. common solo and small instrument, principle carrier of the melody in kunqu; china |
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| bamboo flute comes in different sizes; china |
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| loud double reed with a conicall bore and a trumpet-like flared bell; player places reeds in his mouth, similar to the middle eastern zurna; china |
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| multiple pipes, each with a single reed connnected to an air chamber; player both blows and sucks air from the mouthpiece; much like the sho in japan; used in china |
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| chinese gongs; often used in folk bands and chinese opera; pitch swoops up and down when the gong is hit. china |
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| large, barrel-shaped drum with riveted heads; used in folk music, religious music, and some repertories of court music’ set horizontally in front of player, who plays with two sticks. china |
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| small horizontal drum on a stand that serves as the conductor in many forms of chinese opera |
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| set of small wooden slats tied together on a string, china |
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| the chinese zither; most revered instrument in China; ancient instrument from before confucius’ time; solo music is almosts always peaceful, serene, and balanced; meter is slow; one of the most difficult instruments to master because of the many differnt ways in which tone can be played |
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| describes an open string instrument; fan yin in chinese |
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| chinese gong-and-drum ensembles very comomon in rural areas |
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| luogu + two suona; ensemble where suona carry the melody; more instruments can be added but the suona will dominate; improvised variations of familiar tunes; china |
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| silk-and-bamboo ensembles; generally feature dizi, sanxian, erhu, and maybe xiao, sheng, yueqin, or yangqin; play traditional tunes in an elaborate heterophonic tapestry with a soft drum or clappers; china |
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| the drum song; shorter type of sung narrative; singer accompanies himself or herself with a clapper and dagu; each presentation lasts about 15-20 minutes; china |
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| one of the oldest genres of chinese regionalized opera; today is considered a classical dramatic form known for its ornate sophostication |
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| known in the West as Beijing Opera or Peking Opera, the most popular of the regional opera styles; origins relfect the cosmopolitan nature of the captial at the end of the 18th century; divided into dialogue, songs, dances, pantomimes, and musical interludes; 10 standard rhythmic types |
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