Cori Spezzati
A characteristic of the new Venetian School
Ricercar

Evolved out of Gombert’s use of pervading points of imitation that also influenced instrumental music.

 

Unification by compositional procedure

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What Josquin took from Ockeghem along with extensive use of canon, embellishment of borrowed melodies, and drive to the final cadence.

 

Souterliedekens
Little Psalter songs set by Susato and Clement
Text Painting
Using a rising scale to set the word “ascend”
Laudes
The largest body of Italian sacred music written c. 1500
Canti carnascialeschi
Homorhythmic chordal style Italian partsongs made popular by pre-lenten and springtime celebrations
Trombocino
A leading composer of frottole in Mantua
Verdelot, Arcadelt, and Festa
The leading composers of early madrigals
Cipriano de Rore
An important middle Madrigalist
Extreme Chromaticism
Featured in Gesualdo’s Moro Lasso
Anthem
The Anglican version of the motet
musica reservata
Private concerts of the delle donne
Frottola
Resembles the Parisian chanson in many respects
Morley
The English composer whp provided the stylistic model for the Elizabethan light madrigal
Byrd and Gibbons
The leading composers of consort songs
Dowland and Campion
The leading composers of the lute song or ayre
Meisterlieder
Always monophonic
Isaac and Finck
Masters of the polyphonic Lied
Romance and villancico
The principal types of Spanish 16th century secular vocal music
The congregation
Sang chorales in the early Lutheran Church
Tye and Tallis
The first musicians to compose Anglican services in accord with Archibishop Crammer’s recommendation for syllabic settings
Taverner
The most important English composer during the first part of the 16th century
Correct declamation and textual clarity
Concerns of the Council of Trent addressed by Palestrina
Pope Marcellus Mass
Written by Palestina to feature intelligibility of the text
Noisy instruments
A concern of the Council of Trent
Wittenburg Door
Had Luther’s 95 theses nailed to it
Zwingli
A Swiss Reformer
Palestrina and Lassus
The greatest composers of the last half of the 16th century
Macaronic
Texts which use a mixture of languages
Consort
A group of instruments
Tablature
Notation that some lute and keyboard music was written in
Cromorne and shawm
Examples of wind instruments
Viola da gamba
Supplanted by the cello
Harpsichord and Clavichord
Two Renaissance keyboard instruments
Orchesographie
An important dance treatise by Arbeau
Sonata da chiesa
The evolution of the canzona
Gabrieli
Second organist at St. Mark’s who culminated the Venetian style
Caccini
Credited with inventing monody
Florentine Camerata
The academy which met in Count Bardi’s house
Declamation of the text
Music conceived by the Florentine Camerata
Franco-Flemish;Monody
The two Baroque Practices
Chamber, Church, Theater
The 3 styles of the Baroque
Basso Continuo
Continued throughout the Baroque Period
Dodecachordon
The treatise of Glareanus that recognized 12 church modes
Franco-Flemish
The prevailing international style of the early Renaissance
Missa Prolationum
The first composition written as a cycle of canons by Ockeghem
Pervading Imitiation
An important feature of Josquin’s style
Chansons
What most of Josquins secular works are
Obrecht
Used cabalistic numerology
Heinrich Isaac
The first Franco-Flemish composer to disseminate that style to German lands
Cristobal de Morales
The first major Spanish composer of early 16th century sacred music
Josquin
Whom many consider to be the greatest composer
Adrian Willaert
The flemish composer who began the Venetian School
Augenmusik
Text painting for singers which is not heard
1450-1600
When the musical renaissance is generally considered to be
The Fall of Constantinople
Caused Byzantine scholars to seek refuge in Italy
The Gutenburg Bible
Created in the year 1453 in concurrence with the 100 Years War and the Fall of Constantinople
Picardian
Raising the third in the final cadence
Renaissance music (1450)
Voices are equal
Familiar Style
Renaissance homorhythmic, syllabic writing
Melodic Flow

A hallmark of Ockeghem’s writing
Josquin
An innovator
The doctrine of affections
Expression of one strong emotion at a time
Tonal Polyphony
What the Baroque Period generally consists of
Libretto
The text of an opera
Daphne
The first real opera according to Stolba
Peri
An early composer of opera along with Caccini
Orfeo
The first real opera according to Dr. H
Monteverdi
An innovator
Alessandro Scarlatti

Made Naples a center of opera

 

Jean-Baptiste Lully
Greatest composer of French opera in the latter half of the 17th century
Dido and Aeneas
Composed by Henry Purcell
Oratorio
Like an opera but with a narrator and no stage action
Italian OVerture
Prelude to an opera with an F-S-F structure
French Overture
Prelude to an opera with a slow fast slow structure
Schutz
The greatest German composer of the 17th century
Victoria
The greatest Spanish composer of the Renaissance
Lyra and kithara
The main string instruments of Ancient Greece
Skolia
Songs sung at drinking parties
Music and Gymnastics
What Plato required as government regulated education of boys in the Utopia described in The Republic
Doctrine of Ethos
Dealt with music’s ability to influence character and morals
A specific character or feeling
What Greeks believed each mode was associated with
Ptolemy
Stated in his Harmonics;the theoretical principles of music and then related them to astronomical features of the cosmos
Tetrachord
The basis of practical Greek music theory
Mese
The note at the center of the Greek scale called “a”
Constantine I
Provided in the Edict of Milan (313) religious toleration and the right to own property to the church
Credo
What the Nicene Creed was later used as after being adopted by the First Ecumenical Council (325) while they were trying to resolve a doctrinal controversy
Benedict of Nursia
The most important monastic system at Monte Cassino in the sixth century
Musica Mundana, Musica Humana, Musica Instrumentalis
The three categories that Boethius classified music into
Pope Gregory I
Advocated for the standardization and codification of the Roman chants
Troparia, Kontakia, Kanones
The Three Byzantine hymn types
Direct Psalmody
When a passage of scripture was recited or chanted by one person in a rendition from beginning to end
Antiphonal Psalmody
The first half of the psalm verse is chanted by one group of singer and the second half of the verse by another group of singers
Responsorial Psalmody
The first half of a psalm verse is chanted by a cantor or percentor and the second half of the verse by the congregation
De institutione musica

The most authorative source on music in the Middle Ages written by Boethius

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B-flat
The only chromatic alteration used in Gregorian chant
Centonization
A process of assembling melodic formulas that many chants indicate were made by
Melismatic
Singing of several neume per syllable of text
Antiphonal
Chants in which sections or phrases are sung by alternating choirs
Liber Usualis
The most important of the liturgical books
Vespers, Matins, and Lauds
The most important Offices musically
Eucharist
The name of the commemoration of the Lord’s supper by the 2nd century
Introit
The opening section of the mass that is part of the proper
Kyrie
The surviving Greek text in the Mass
Jubilus
The melisma that ends the Alleluia
Sequence
A trope sung immediately after the Alleluia
Offertory

Singing introduced by St. Augustine while the bread and wine are brought up

 

The Proper
Chants of the Mass which change with each service
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
The order of the 5 parts of the Ordinary of the Mass
Antiphon
A chant sung in alteration with a psalm or canticle
Troping
The expansion of a chant
A perfect Fourth Below
Where an authentic modal scale begins on its final, a plagal
Guido d’Arezzo
Recognized the importance of staff notation to designate definite pitches
Final, range, dominant
How identification of a mode was made
The Tenor
In Aquitanian polyphony the voice with the original chant melody, formery called the vox principalis
Organum
Polyphony used in liturgical music from the late 9th century to c. 1250
Discant
The style of writing in which a text is set syllabically in note-against-note polyphony
1054
When the final split between the Eastern and Western Church occurred
Musica enchiriadis
A treatise on early organum
Duplum
The organal voice in St. Martial (Aquitanian) organum
Perotin
Considered the best composer of discant
Leonin
The best composer of organum
Rhythmic Modes
One of the most significant contributions of the Parisian (Notre Dame) school of composers
Perfection
What the theorists called the threefold unit of measure for each rhythmic mode
Johannes de Garlandia
The first medieval theorist to give a thorough explanation of rhythmic notation
Clausulae
The polyphonic sections of chant sung in discant style
Magnus liber organi
Leonin’s collection of organa
Organum, discant
What the composers wrote in the Notre Dame school where the original chant was syllabic and where the chant was melismatic repectively
Substitute Clausulae
Valuable because of their ability to alter the amount of a time consumed by a service
Organum Purum
Another name for melismatic organum
Tenor, duplum, triplum, quadruplum
The order in polyphony of 4 voices from the bottom up
Stimmtausch
Voice Exchange
Caudae
Long textless melismas occuring at the end if a conductus
Conductus
A non-liturgical Latin poem set in discant style and often used for processionals
Motet
A composition with a pre-existing Latin tenor and one or more voices in the vernacular
Musica ficta
When a tone is altered to avoid the tritone
Franconian
Motets where the triplum, duplum, and tenor are distinctive rhythmically and melodically
Petronian
Motets in which the triplum moves rapidly above a slower duplum and tenor
Cantus Firmus
A preexistent melody used as a basis for another composition
Sumer is icumen in
The only six-voice composition prior to the 15th century and the only one to combine rondellus and rota technique
Hildegard Von Bingen
Wrote the earliest morality play called Ordo virtutum
Trouveres
Minstrels from northern France, often from aristocratic families
Troubadours
Sang dawn or morning songs called albas
Bar Form
What Germanic poet composers preferred to use also called abb (Stollen, Stollen, Abgesang)
Meistersingers
German citizens who belonged to guilds that regulated and promoted composition and performance of songs
Isorhythmic
Motets with tenors that reiterated rhythmic schemes combined with repeated melodic patterns
Machaut
The definitive composer of the French Ars Nova
Cantilena Style
The practice of moving the soloistic voice to the top supported by tenor and contatenor
7-6-8
The so-called Landini cadence
Palindromic Construction
Frequently used by Machaut
La Messe de Nostre Dame
The earliest unified polyphonic setting of the Ordinary by an identified composer
The Plague, the Hundred Years War, the Great Schism
The three most important events of the 14 century
Landini
The greatest Italian composer of the Ars nova
Dunstable and Power
The two greatest English composers of the early 15th century
Discant
The English practice of improvising above and below a middle line (meane) to create a series of first inversion chords
Gymel
A two-voice piece of English music featuring parallel intervals (mostly thirds and sixths)
Caccia
A good example is Firenze’s Tosto che l’alba
Landini
A pioneer in the composition of the ballata
Talea
The rhythmic pattern in an isorhythmic tenor
The Fall of Constantinople
Occurred in 1453 along with the end of th Hundred Years War
Medici
The family which ruled Florence in the 15th century
Tinctoris
One of the most important theorists of the 15th century
Binchois
Ranked after DuFay and Dunstable as the master of 1400-1450
Faux bourdon
First used by Dufay in a motet
Symbolism

Used by Dufay in Nuper rosarum flores–Terribilis est locus iste

 

Burgundian Music
Treble-dominated, three-voice
L’Homme arme
A popular tune used first by Du Fay and then many others
Basse danse
The favorite court dance of the 15th century
Contrafactum
The appropriation of a secular song for sacred use
Busnois
An important Burgundian composer