Run DMC

Declared themselves as “New School” and “Hardcore”

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Tougher than old school, more “street”

Agressive delivery and being “hard”

DJ is big again

Joseph Simmons (Run)

Darryl McDaniels (DMC)

Jason Mizell (Jam Master Jay)

Hardcore Rap

tough

streetwise

intense

often menacing

1987ish

lyrical subject matter

the hard, driving beats

the noisy sampling and production

Hard rock inspired

Message Rap

Afrocentric

5% Nation

Nationalist (Conscious rap, Nation-conscious Rap)

 
sometimes feminist

Public Enemy

Chuck D (rapper) also made logo

Flavor Flav (hype man)

DJ Terminator X

Professor Griff & the Security of the 1st World (security/minister of information

Bomb Squad (production crew)

Fight the Power (1989)

World View

how individuals in a culture receive and interact with their philosophy of the world.

What is music?

What is art?

 

Black Musical Aesthetic Features

the layering of unusual sound qualities, textures, varying tonal qualities or timbres

rhythmic structures: poly-textured and polyrhythmic sounds 

Vocals take on percussive style

Call-n-response (antiphony)

“Fill-up” limited musical space with a lot of sound

Embodiment. Relationship between music and dance.

 
The cumulative result is a poly-textured sound that satisfies the “heterogeneous sound ideal” (Olly Wilson 1983)
 
“Bring the Noise” by Public Enemy is a good example
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cvy7MWjfVPE 

Black Music in the Mainstream

Pop music of the 40s:  Jazz -> Swing

Pop music of the 50s:  R&B ->Rock-n-Roll

Pop music of the 60s:  Soul ->Funk -> Rock

Pop music of the 70s:  Funk -> Disco

Pop music of the 80-90s: Rap Music  

2000-present: pop music blends rap, R&B, Djing/hiphop production all together; i.e. Rap music -> “hip hop” 

 

Scat

it means poop

vocal technique that imitates instrumental parts through use of vocables (syllables without meaning)

Cab Calloway – “Minnie the Moocher”

 

precursor to beatboxing

Beatboxing

Imitate the drum machine with mouth
Doug E Fresh (feat. Slick Rick) “The Show” (1985)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDkqz5C62SM

Rap (evolution of the term)

(OED 1699): trans. and intr. Verb To exchange, barter, swap. 

Slang: To converse (exchange ideas)

Slang/Genre: A way of talking (style); a rhythmic chanting often in unison of usually rhymed couplets

 
also is influenced by rythm and blues monologues
Lou Rawls “Dead End Street” (1967)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7540y6PTV8
Isaac Hayes “By the Time I Get To Phoenix” (1969)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9bbdJSW3pvM

1960s-1970s Black Nationalist Poets

Gil Scott-Heron “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised” (1970/1972)

Sonia Sanchez “So this is Our Revolution” (1971)

Black Arts Movement

Late 1956-1975

Jazz musicians, poets, playwrites, comedians,…

Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones), Sonia Sanchez, Gil Scott-Heron, the last poets,…

 

Brooklyn Boheme

Mid 1980s-1994

Jazz musicians,  directors, poets, playwrites,  hip hop artists, comedians, hard rock artists,…

Branford Marsalis, Spike Lee, Rosie Perez, Kevin Powell, Chris Rock, Saul Williams, Toure,  Nelson George

Grafitti in the mid 80s

Graffiti shifts into the Downtown Galleries in the early 1980s. Fad is short lived.

$42 million Anti-Graffiti Campaign

1980: >95% subways covered with graffiti, inside & out

1984: 86% of the 5,956 cars are graffiti-free

 

New School

1985-1989

Move away from commercialization

Further separating of the 4 aspects

popular via Music Video medium (not live performances)

Suburban Rap

 

De La Soul “Potholes in My Lawn” (1988)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lNS07IrYVw

DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince “Parents Just Don’t Understand” (1988)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jW3PFC86UNI
 
type of novelty rap

Rap Ballad

Rap love songs type of novelty rap

LL Cool J “I Need Love” (1987) Known for being tough and hard

Nayobe “Please Don’t Go” (1984) is in LL Cool J’s music vid for “I can’t live without my radio”

 

Rock Steady Crew

“Hey You It’s the Rock Steady Crew” (1985)

Latino b-boys cut and album

Went to #1 on the U.K. Pop charts.

 

Fat boys

Latino crossover rappers

Mark Morales a.k.a. “Prince Markie Dee” Puerto Rican rapper whose ethnicity = non-issue

Damon Wimbley a.k.a. “Kool Rock-Ski”

Darren Robinson a.k.a. “Buff Love” a.k.a. “The Human Beat Box” 

“Let’s Get Funky” (1985) ; “Jail House Rap” (1984)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMbzyJ5Bt-8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IEtpBK5dsU

Latinos cross-over Rap: West Coast bound (ca. 1984)

Caribbean Latinos: NY Spinmasters Hen G ; Evil E (Brooklyn, Honduras),Prince Whipper Whip (Bronx,P.R.)

 

African Americans: Afrika Islam (Bronx), Ice-T (L.A.)

 

Mexican Latinos: Kid Frost (L.A.)

 

all came to become Rhyme Syndicate (rap collective and later became a label)

Freestyle (not rap)

 a Latin brand of hip hop music

This song (with debate) established the soundscape of Freestyle

Nayobe  Cubana from Brooklyn/Bronx

“Please Don’t Go” (1984)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yAJa5fz2SI
 
an electronic dance music from NYC (then Miami…) in the mid-80s produced by Latin@ artists.  Sound is electronic drum & bass heavy and lyrics revolve around teen-love/loss. 1984-1992
Cover Girls “Show Me” (1986)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eomxwZcrvlY

Sal Abbattielo

Club owner of the Disco Fever 1976-198 (Hip Hop showcase)

Produces Nayobe “Please Don’t Go” and other hits.

Established Fever Records in 1982 w/ Lewis Marintee (Miami)

 

Womanist Styles/Feminist themes

Dissin’ // Answer-rap// Response-rap

U.T.F.O vs Roxanne Shante, The Real Roxanne

 

1985: “Show” Doug E Fresh

“Show Stopper” Super Nature (a.k.a. Salt-n-Pepa)

 

 

Salt-n-Pepa “Push It” (1986)

MC Lyte “Paper Thin” (1988)

MC Lyte “10% Diss” (1988)

 

Queen Latifa

Both feminist themes and Afrocentric themes

 

“Ladies First” (1989)

Afro-centric

Sisterhood

Black Power

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLB5bUNAesc

Flashdance

1983 film introduces mainstream America to breakin’

B-boyin’ or Breakin’ becomes a formalized tradition interpreted  by dance companies and videographers as BREAKDANCING

Adolfo Quinones

Chicago-rican moved to Los Angeles in the early 70s.

At 17, became Shabba-Doo in 1972. 

Joined the Lockers in 1973 

A forefather of hip-hop dancing

“Breakin’ and “Breakin’ 2 Electric Boogaloo” (1984)

 

First Music Video to use Breakers

GLADYS KNIGHT & THE PIPS “SAVE THE OVERTIME FOR ME” (1983)

NOT a Rap Song

Featuring the New York City Breakers

 

Genre
a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content
Rap music
a musical genre that makes use of rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular atop a beat.

Run DMC “Rock Box” (1984)

 

Sample drums, Voice Doubling and Echo effect, turntable cuts from a DJ

features hip hop dancing

HIP HOP DANCE

Avant garde (jazz/modern) by way of Bebop

Broadway Chorus dancers

Michael Jackson’s “Thriller” (1983)

Run DMC “Rock Box” (1984)

ROCK-RAP fusion

Run DMC

“Rock Box” (1984)

“Walk this Way” (1986)

Crossover to mainstream

 

Beastie Boys
“She’s On It” (1985)
“Fight for Your Right to Party” (1986)

Electro Rap

Electro-Funkier than Old School not as hard as New School

transitional

I.E. Bambaataa’s “brand” of hip hop would linger into the New School

Whodini “Freaks Come out at Night” (1984)

World Class Wreckin’ Cru “Surgery” (1984)