Auxiliary cadence
A harmonic progression that contains a V-I motion but lacks an opening tonic
Background
The deepest structural level, showing the fundamental structure of a composition.
Bass arpeggiation (Bassbrechung)
The lower voice of the Ursatz motion I-III-V-I, I-II-V-I or I-IV-V-I in the bass that spans many pieces in the background.
Composing-out (Auskomponierung)
The general term for creating musical content from a given basic progression by way of diminution and prolongation.
Contrapuntal chord
Chords formed through either passing motion or through neighboring motion (including incomplete neighbors)
Diminution
The name given to the process of linear units prolonging harmonic ones
Divider (Teiler)
A note that divides a large interval into two roughly equal portions, usually in a bass progression.
Enlargement (of motive)
Prolongation of a previous motive
Evaded cadence
internal progression that appears to lead to a cadence and then backs off
Foreground
The surface layer of the music
Fundamental line (Urlinie)
Descending linear progression that descends from 8, 5, or 3 that appears in the background as a part of the Ursatz.
Fundamental structure (Ursatz)
The background tonal structure of a composition, comprising an Urlinie (fundamental line) and a bass arpeggiation (Bass-brechung).
Illusory key
Modulatory key in relationship to fundamental structure
Imaginary continuo
A harmonic reduction
Implied tone
Suggested tone that does not appear directly in the music, indicated by parentheses
Intermediate (pre-dominant) harmony
Chords that connect the initial tonic with the structural dominant
Interruption (Unterbrechung)
A form of the fundamental structure in which there is a break after followed by a return to the primary tone
Linear intervallic pattern
Repeated interval pattern between two voices
Linear progression (Zug)
two consonant tones are connected by one or more stepwise passing notes
Middleground
The variable number of layers between the background and the foreground of a piece
Melodic fluency
The melodic continuity created through stepwise motion
Motive
Recurring pattern of tones in identical or similar form
Motivic parallelism/repetition
Repeated motions portrayed through brackets
Polyphonic melody
Articulates two or more distinct voices
Prolongation (melodic and harmonic)
When a tone or chord remains active in its context though other tones or chords intervene
Prolongational span
The time in which a tone or chord remains active
Scale step (Stufe)
Bass notes, particularly I and V of the bass arpeggiation
Species counterpoint
An approach to Strict counterpoint that proceeds methodically from note-against-note settings of the cantus firmus to more complex combinations of parts
Structural level (Schicht)
The layers of music successively further from the surface as revealed by Schenkerian analysis
Substitution
The replacement of one note for another that would normally be expected in a given context, e.g. 7 replacing 2
Ursatz parallelisms
Lower-level replications of fundamental structures
Voice exchange
Expanding of a chord through arpeggiation of its tones between two voices
Voice-leading graph (Urlinie-Tafel)
The detailed foreground graph of an entire movement or composition.