rhythm

what moves music forward

 

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length, duration of individual notes

beat

basic unit of rhythm

 

regular pulsation

downbeat
first accented beat of each pattern
upbeat
last beat of the measure
meter

marks off in measures, organizes beats

 

patterns into which rhythmic pulses are organized

measure

patterns in notation

 

unit of fixed number of beats

simple meters

beat has duple subdivisions

 

(duple, triple, quadruple)

duple meter

two beats per measures

 

strong-weak

triple meter

three beats per measure

 

strong-weak-weak

quadruple meter

four beats per measure

 

strongest-weak-strong-weak

compound meters
each beat is subdivided into three subbeats
sextuple meter

six beats to the measure 

 

accents on one and four

 

strongest-weak-weak-strong-weak-weak

syncopation

deliberate disruption of regular patterns

 

accent shifted to weak or offbeat

polyrhythm

simultaneous use of different rhythmic patterns

 

African, jazz, rock

nonmetric

music without a strong sense of beat or meter

 

obscured pulse