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| “deeply felt” profound, or tending to feel deeply |
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| feeling about music; impossible to express; but we try to anyway |
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| Linguistics; Socio-gestral ; iconic; logico-math; musical |
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| Anthropological and Sociological |
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| two approaches to popular music |
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| Anthropological approach to pop music |
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The approach is participant observation. Cannot make judgement until observed. Ethnography,
describe what you observe – reflexivity , mindfulness, awareness of assumption and biases; limited generalization
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| Sociological approach to popular music |
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Materialism, matter take priority over mind- Marxism – abstract
– cultural industry
– textualism
– meaningless exotica
– moral outrage |
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| Traveling teachers that gave speeches, they have great memories, their speeches were like advertisements for their service |
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the contingency of language ( language is dynamic, it changes)
– Language is constitutive or reality ( reality is meaningful)
– Language is differential ( meanings of different words, can’t understand yes without understanding no) |
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| The study of how signs and symbols (representation) influence people to do and think things that they would otherwise not ordinarily do or think |
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| Kirschner on the study of popular music also the things that make rock “rock” |
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Specificity
textual mobility
amateurism
spatial mobility |
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escapes localized uniformity by mapping the “motion of music making” across multiple regions,abstract and geographical
– difficult abstract way of thinking of popular music |
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Texts between texts
– idea that no one text is desecrate but rather immediately cues to another text |
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| A set of significant symbolic events, musical and music related, that occur together in the perception of a listener and that function to frame listening experiences |
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| way of explaining what goes on in people’s head |
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Study of signs
Structuralism
Relations: connection between two objects
Structures: when relations combine, collection of relations
Systems: collections of structures |
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Sign comprised of two halves:
signifier: representation of the concept; the words (diet coke)
Signified: concept ( the image of te diet coke in your head) |
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| a cluster of key adjectives that consistently reappear in the discussion of music or genres |
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| band with unique sound they make up their own sort of genre; still a genre just a different kind |
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developed idea of communism, later known as socialism
known for:
– revolutionary politics
– and methods fo thinking |
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(Marx) systematic way of understanding culture
– back and forth thinking, among parts and wholes
– also back and forth thinking to get ultimate truth |
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| changed the meaning of dialects to a logic |
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– human reality is premised on a logic of dialectic
– affirmative force = thesis
– negative force = anti thesis
– “mind before matter” |
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labor is the most important kind of mediation
– a borad sense of labor which is both physical and mental
(theorist) |
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the way in which people are disconnected from the system
* marx thought capitalism thrived from this |
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| Origin of Political economy |
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Adam smith
– a bad economic system
– civil society
– commerce and liberty |
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protected private interests of people
* depended on interplay of commerce and liberty
* only unlimited commerce would maximize prosperity |
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| – free from restriction or control |
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| right to do what you want to do |
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| right to do what you want to, an to be left alone |
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relationships of power in an institution
– hierarchical relations among people in an organization |
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| the magic element of value: increase transaction value by making the object scarce |
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| Political economy in media studies |
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the study of how political or ideological logics influence economic production
– Circuit of Capital: production, distribution, and consumption |
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collective beliefs; attitudes and values of a given group of people
– common sense |
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– infrastructure
– refers to the material arrangement of society
– natural resource
– most resources belong to private enterprises |
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– culture
– an expression of the base |
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| the idea that our culture is manufactured for us; we do not create it, capitalism does |
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One should focus on the interplay of text and context
– to understand the rhetoric of music, we should focus on the interplay of text and context.
(theorist) |
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wrote about The Grain of Voice
– something that we can point to in music that gets us out of the tyranny of the adjective
(theorist) |
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(Barthes)
– enjoyment
– connotation of orgasm
– feeling beyond the language to represent pleasurable pain |
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where language and body meet
– the body speaking the mother’s tongue |
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The biggest context for thinking about any commodity
– the big picture approach |
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symbolic value
– magical powers to an object that in and of itself is not magic
– principle means by which alienation occurs
– obscures the labor history |
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sociological or material approach to study of mass media
– focus on industry
– focus on production, not consumption |
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Civil Society is self correcting through:
– competition
– greatest good for the greatest number
– the hidden hand |
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(attali) Conception of noise
– noise is music before it becomes music
– noise is music before it is recognized as such, once it is recognized it is no longer noise
– resists categories of meaning |
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music is inseparable from everyday life, it is living
– no concept of music or art
– ecstatic |
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Music represented as music
– musical notation
– music becomes autonomous
– absolute music |
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technology (of musical notation allows one to represent sound on a page)
– portability
-sheet music
– recording |
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Highly individualistic
– making music for self
– not yet realized |
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Adorno: culture industry teaches us how to listen by an appeal to basic pleasure
– listen for the chorus
– infancy
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-Socialism requires democracy
– academics abet the ruling class
– hegemony |
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| the ability of the ruling class to impose its ideology on the subclasses without force |
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Posthumanist (post marxist)
– no direct relationship between thebase and the superstructure
– rejections of humanism
– rejected intention
– rejected determinism
– interpellation |
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understanding of how we assume ideologies
– how it becomes common sense |
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Hailed by ISA’s (ideological state apparatuses)
– you are the sum total of your ideologies
– Althusser thought ideologies are who you are, content of our subjectivity |
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wants to combine sociological and anthropological approaches.
– culture
-hegemony
-style as resistance |
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