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created by vibration traveling through a medium (air) to the ear of the listener |
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a sound-producing vibration that oscillates (beats) at a definite and prescribed rate of speed. Example: the pitch A = 440 MHz (beats per second) |
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the distance in frequency between two pitches, either upward (higher) or downward (lower), — might be described generally as ‘large’ or ‘small,’ or much more specifically by a variety of culturally-based systems |
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natural phenomenon dictated by the physics of sound; fundamental property of sound recognized by all musical cultures
an octave is the interval between two pitches, the frequencies of which are in a 2:1 mathematical ratio (i.e., the higher of the two pitches vibrates at twice the speed of the lower)
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pitches that are one or more octaves apart are given the same letter name in Western music theory |
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the man-made division of the octave into 12 equal intervals—the man-made division of the octave in 12 ‘half steps’ |
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Later called a scale – a collection of specific pitches that emphasize one particular pitch, called the FINAL or a series of specific intervals, usually written down (for theoretical purposes) or practiced (by a musician) as spanning one or more octaves |
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a pause or ‘resting place’ in music, often on the FINAL, a place where the harmonic tension in the music relaxes to some degree |
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he instruments, voices, or anything else that makes sound and takes part in music making —a.k.a. ‘instrumentation’ (but don’t forget about the voices!) —Some particular types of ensembles became standardized within a given culture and become associated with more-or-less specific social settings, functions, or musical styles. |
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a specific category of musical composition as defined by its musical characteristics or traits: for instance, a Gregorian chant, a string quartet, a symphony, an art song, etc. |
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Composition (piece or work) |
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Any work of art may be referred to as a ‘composition’ without making reference to the work’s specific genre. SONG is a more or less specific genre, and not every piece of music fits into that category. Be careful how you use that term in this class! |
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the person who actually creates the original musical conception, often (but not always) in a written (i.e., notated) form, not often the one who plays it. |
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