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| occurs when a wave travels through a medium whose density changes slowly with distance causing the sound wave to bend and move in another direction |
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Occurs when sound wave hits a porous surface and the energy is stopped.
(i.e. skin, pillows, clothes, and other soft gushy things like that) |
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| Occurs when waves form two diff. sources and exist simultaneously in the same medium. Waves may reinforce one another (constructive interference) which will produce an increase in amplitude. If waves cancel out each other (destructive inference), there will be a decrease in amplitude. Complete cancellation is very rare in nature. |
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| Occurs when 2 sound sources of slightly diff. frequencies are sounded together. This occurs because of interference. |
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| Whenever a system that can vibrate with a certain frequency is acted on from outside by something of the same frequency, and thereby produces a larger amplitude
(i.e. singing in the shower when you hit a certain note, and it just rings perfectly and loudly, or breaking a crystal glass with your voice) |
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| Frequency of a system set into vibration |
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| Over time, amplitude of vibration diminishes and approaches zero |
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| Graphic representation of the decay curve of sound |
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| Point of displacement or putting energy into the system |
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| Sound that is aperiodic, and has enharmonic overtones |
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| Creation of sound waves at their source and how they travel away from the source based on musical instrument construction |
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| Produced by the regular & repeated displacement of a stretched string, causing waves to appear motionless |
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| time required for the original sound to decay to the point of zero intensity with no additional sound energy |
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| Process by which sound is transmitted from the environment to our brain |
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| messengers of the brain and nervous system. Sound waves are changed into electro-chemical energy by neurons so we can ‘hear’ it. |
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| altering the form of energy |
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| Outer folds on either side of the head which funnel & amplify sound down into our ear |
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| Closed pipe that traps air with resonance frequency of 2,000 to 7,000 Hz |
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| Ear drum, entrance to the middle ear |
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| bony chamber filled with air containing 3 small bones called ossicles |
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| Located in middle ear. Hammer, anvil, & stirrup. |
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| serves to prevent loud sounds from getting to the inner ear and boosts amplitude of the middle frequencies |
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| connects middle ear to oral cavity, equalizes air pressure |
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| located deep in the head and protected by the hardest bones of the body |
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| contain oval window and filled with thick fluid; gives us our vestibular sense |
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| sense of body position in space |
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| organ of hearing, functions as transducer of mechanical energy of vibration into electro-chemical energy of neuron transmission |
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| runs through the center of cochlea |
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| 30,000 audiocilia hair cells |
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signals sent away from nerve bundle t the brain
(Afferent = Away) |
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| Influencing mobility of hair cells under different listening circumstances |
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| Place Theory of Pitch Perception |
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Theory of how pitch perception is coded based on specific frequencies displacing basilar membrane at a greater amplitude in reply to a specific frequency because of resonance
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(Say whaaatt? This definition is jacked.) |
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