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a before 1 or 2 consonants, aa, ah…
any a except when it’s au |
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| a before one consonant, ah before one other consonant |
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| a before 2 consonants, e before 2 consonants |
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| b initially in word or syllable |
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| final b in word, b in -bst |
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| c before a front vowel (e, i, y, a, o, u), z, tz |
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| c before back vowel (a, o, u), -ck, -chs when the s is part of the root word, final g, g before t or st, k |
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| final d in word or syllable, -dt, t, th in same element |
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| e stressed before 1 consonant, ee, eh |
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| e unstressed or as final letter in a word |
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| g initially in word or syllable, except when it’s a foreign (non-German) word like Genie |
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| ch after front vowel or any consonant, suffix -ig |
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| G in words of French origin like Genie, j in words of French origin like Journalist |
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| h initially in word or syllable, (but it’s silent and un-IPA’d when between vowels) |
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| i before 1 consonant, ie, ih, ieh, the i in stressed ending -ik like Musik |
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| i before 2 consonants, in suffixes -in, -nis, -ig, in the unstressed -ik like Lyrik |
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| nearly every j, but not of French origin |
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| ng, n before k (use | between this symbol and the g or k if they are separate elements like hingehen or Ankland) |
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| o before 1 consonant, oo, oh |
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| [ ?r? ] (r with line underneath) |
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| s initially in word or between vowels |
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| s when final in word or syllable, ss, ?, the s in both sp and st when not initial |
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| sch, the s in both sp and st at the start of a word or element |
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| sch in 2 elements like Hauschen |
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| th in 2 elements like Rathaus |
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| u before 1 consonant, uh, y before 1 consonant (except for any y with foreign origin like Pyjama [i] or York [j]) |
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| u before 2 consonants, y before 2 consonants |
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| w, v in words of French origin |
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