a tempo
in time
accelerando (accel.)
becoming gradually faster
adagio
slow
allegretto
slightly
allegro
quick
andante
at a moderate speed
cantabile
in a singing style
crescendo (cresc.)
getting gradually louder
da capo (D.C.)
repeat from beginning
dal segno (D.S.)
repeat from the sign segno (refer to sign)
decrescendo (decresc.)
getting gradually softer
diminuendo
getting gradually softer
fine
the end
f (forte)
loud
ff (fortissimo)
very loud
legato
smoothly
lento
slowly
mezzo
half
mf (mezzo forte)
moderately loud
mp (mezzo piano)
moderately soft
moderato
moderately
p (piano)
soft
pp (pianissimo)
very soft
poco
a little
rallentando (rall.)
getting gradually slower
ritardando (ritard.)
getting gradually slower
ritenuto (riten. or rit.)
hold back
staccato (stacc.)
short, detached
tempo
speed, time
<
getting gradually louder
>
getting gradually softer
n over 2 different notes of different letter names or a group of notes
slur – play the notes smoothly
8va
octave
8va—— over a note or 8 —— notes
play the note or notes once octave higher
8va_______ under a note or 8 _ _ _ _ _ notes
play the note or notes one octave lower
dot over or under note
staccato dot
dot after a note
it makes the note longer by half
> over or under a note
accent
fermata (refer to sign)
pause (hold longer)
repeat sign (refer to sign)
the passage must be repeated
crotchet = 72 or M.M. crochet = 72
72 crochet beats in a minute