Violin Range

Sounds as Written

Professional- G3-B7

Hire a custom writer who has experience.
It's time for you to submit amazing papers!


order now

Non-Professional- G3-D6

Viola Range

Sounds as Written

Professional- C3-A6

Non-Professional- C3-A5

Cello Range

Sounds as Written

Professional- C2-E6

Non-Professional- C2-A4

Double Bass Range

Sounds an Octave Lower

Professional- E2-G5

Non-Professional- E2-G4

Piccolo Range

Sounds an Octave Higher

Professional- D4-C7

Non-Professional- G4-A6

Flute Range

Sounds as Written

Professional- B3(Amer)C4(Euro)-D7

Non-Professional- D4-A6

Alto Flute Range

Sounds a Perfect 4th Lower

Professional- C4-C7
Oboe Range

Sounds as Written

Professional- Bb3-A6

Non-Professional- C4-E6

English Horn Range

Sounds a Perfect 5th Lower

Professional- B3-A6

Non-Professional- B3-D5

Bb Clarinet Range

Sounds major 2nd Lower

Professional- E3-A6

Non-Professional- E3-F6

A Clarinet Range

Sounds minor 3rd Lower

Professional- E3-A6

Non-Professional- E3-F6

D Clarinet Range

Sounds Major 2nd Higher

Professional- E3-A6

Non-Professional- E3-F6

Eb Clarinet Range

Sounds minor 3rd Higher

Professional- E3-A6

Non-Professional- E3-F6

Eb Alto Clarinet Range

Sounds Major 6th Lower

Professional- E3-A6

Non-Professional- E3-F6

Bass Clarinet

Sounds Major 9th Lower
If in Bass Clef, Major 3nd Lower

Professional- D-E4-E6

Non-Professional- Eb4-C6

Bassoon Range

Sounds as Written

Professional- Db1-Eb5

Non-Professional- Db1-G4

Contra Bassoon Range

Sounds an Octave Lower

Professional- Db1-Bb4
Bb Soprano Saxophone Range

Sounds a Major 2nd Lower

Professional- Bb3-G6

Non-Professional- Not very low or high

Eb Alto Saxophone Range

Sounds Major 6th Lower

Professional- Bb3-G6

Non-Professional- Not very low or high

Bb Tenor Saxophone Range

Sounds Major 9th Lower

Professional- Bb3-G6

Non-Professional- Not very low or high

Eb Baritone Saxophone Range

Sounds an Octave & Major 6th Lower

Professional- Bb3-G6

Non-Professional- Not very low or high

Bb Bass Saxophone Range

Sounds 2 Octaves & Major 2nd Lower

Professional- Bb3-G6

Non-Professional- Not very low or high

Strings of the Violin
I-E
II-A
III-D
IV-G
Strings of the Viola
I-A
II-D
III-G
IV-C
Strings of the Cello
I-A
II-D
III-G
IV-C
Strings of the Double Bass
I-G
II-D
III-A
IV-E
Portamento
Expressive gliss from one pitch to another, minimal slide between two notes
Gliss
Full volume slide between two notes
Detache
non-legato bowing, seperate bows

At or near the frog

a punta d’arco
a la pointe
an der Spitze
At the tip

Light, delicate sound

al tallone
au talon
am Frosch
at the frog
Loure
Portato
Legato bowing

Dashes under slur

Staccato
detached or seperate

on-the-string effect

Martele
Martellato
Marcato
‘to hammer’

fast, well articulated, heavy, seperate stroke

Spiccato
bouncing bow
Measured effect
Line through stem
cut division in half for each line
Tremolos
Line in between note stems
Sul tasto
Sur la touche
Am Griffbrett
On the fingerboard

Flute-like, soft, hazy tone

Sul ponticello
Au chevalet
Am steg
Very near or on the brige

Eerie, glassy tone

Col legno
Avec le bois
Mit Holz
With the wood of the bow
Con sordino
Avec sourdine
Mit Dampfer
with mute
Scordatura
Altering the pitches of the open strings