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| The rate or speed of the beat of the music |
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| The loudness or softness of music, as determined by the performers |
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| The loudness or softness of the music, as determinded by the listeners |
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| The basic or underlying pulse of the music |
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| The basic beat or time of a piece of music or song. Grouped in 2,3,4 or 6. |
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| The pattern of beats in the music |
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| A sudden, strong accent (sf or sfz) |
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| A sharp, flat, or natural that appears next to a note that temporarily changes it. Lasts the entire measure. |
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| “Dal segno al fine” means to go back to the beggining of the piece and than play until you see the word “fine” (finish) |
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| “dal segno al fine” means to go back to the symbol and play until you see the word “fine” |
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| A sudden pause or break in the music. Indicated with two parallel lines. |
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| Playing with the wood part of the bow instead of the hair |
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| A large group of musicians made up of string, woodwind, brass and percussion players |
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| Another name for 4/4 time signature |
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| Another name for 2/2 time signature |
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| Gradually getting louder (abbreviated as cresc.) |
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| Gradually getting softer (abbreviated as decresc.) |
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| Gradually getting slower (abbreviated as rit.) |
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| Gradually getting faster (abbreviated as accel.) |
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| Three or more notes played at the same time |
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| An extended composition for orchestra with a soloist |
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| An extended composition for orchestra, composed mainly in 1750-1920. It is usually divided into four separate movements |
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| A short, detached bow stroke. Play with a crisp stopped bow. Indicated by a dot over or under the note. |
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| A staccato bowing style where the bow bounces off the string, usually near the balance point of the bow |
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| Smooth, connected bow stroke. Indicated by a line over or under a note |
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| Accented, stressed, heavy bow stroke. Literally means “marked”. |
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| A legato bow stroke that gives a slight separation or pulse between connected notes of a slur. Indicated with a line over or under a note and a slur/hook line as well. |
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| A bowing that is a combination of legato and staccato; slightly separated, but not crisp. “Regular, average, everyday bowing” |
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| Notes played in the same bow direction, but separated and staccato |
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