Monophonic

 

 

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A Single Melodic Line without any accompaniment 

 

 

Homophonic

 

 

One melodic line supported by a chordal accompaniment

 

 

Polyphonic

 

 

2 or more melodic lines played simultaneously

 

D.C.

Da Capo

 

 

 

Indicates to return to the beginning of the piece

 

D.S.

Da Segno

 

 

Indicates to go back to the sign

 

 

Tacet

 

 

Performer does not play for this section

 

 

Fermata

 

 

Hold the note or rest

 

 

Sul Tasto

 

 

Bow over fingerboard

 

 

Sul Ponticello

 

 

Bow very close to the bridge

 

 

Pizzaccato

 

 

Pluck the string

 

 

Con Sordino

 

 

With Mute

 

 

Dolce

 

 

 

Sweetly

 

 

Cantabile

 

 

In a singing style

 

 

Tranquillo

 

 

Tranquil, calm, quiet

 

 

Sostenuto

 

 

Sustained

 

 

Slur

 

 

Connection of two or more different notes

 

 

Tie

 

 

Connection of the two or more same notes

 

 

Legato

 

 

Long notes, play smoothly, very connected

 

 

Staccato

 

 

Short, seperated, detached notes

 

 

Spiccato

 

 

Bouncing bow on string

 

 

Largo

 

 

Slow

 

 

Scherzo

 

 

 

Joke

 

 

Vivace

 

 

 

Very Fast

 

 

Maesoso

 

 

Majestic

 

 

Allegretto

 

 

Slower than allegro

 

 

Andante

 

 

Walking tempo

 

 

Adagio

 

 

Leisurely, slow tempo

 

 

Grave

 

 

Slow, Solemn

 

 

Poco

 

 

Little

 

 

 

Mezzo

 

 

 

Medium

 

 

Meno

 

 

Less

 

 

Piu Mosso

 

 

Little more motion

 

 

Accelerando

 

 

Gradually get faster

 

 

Allargando

 

 

Another word for gradually getting slower

 

rit.

Ritard

 

 

 

Gradually get slower

 

 

Diminuendo

 

 

Another word for gradually getting softer

 

 

Decrescendo

 

 

Gradually getting softer

 

 

Crescendo

 

 

Gradually getting louder

 

 

 ^ Carrot Accent 

 

 

Stronger empahsis than a regular accent

 

 

Accent

 

 

Sudden emphasis on the start of note

 

Sfz

Sforzando

 

 

Sudden strong accent 

 

 

Subito

 

 

Suddenly

 

 

Beat

 

 

The basic pulse underlying the music

 

 

Interval

 

 

The space between notes

 

 

D.C. al Fine

 

 

Go back to the beginning and end at Fine

 

 

D.C. al Coda

 

 

Go back to the beginning, go to coda sign, skip to coda, and play till the end

 

 

D.S. al Fine

 

 

Go back to the sign and end at Fine

 

 

D.S. al Coda

 

 

go back to the sign, go to the coda sign, skip to the coda, and play till the end

 

 

Detache

 

 

Slightly detached bowing

 

 

Staccato

 

 

Short indicated by a dot over or under the note

 

 

Marcato

 

 

Accented or stressed marked by a > over the note

 

 

Collegno

 

 

To play with the wood of the bow

Ritardando
Gradually get slower
Presto
Very fast
Presstissimo
Extremely fast
Staccatissimo
Play the note as short as possible
Tenuto
Hold the note for its full value
Caesura “//”
Pause, breath