| rock n’ roll
where did it come from and who’s a prominent composer? |
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early came from jazz
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Chuck Berry |
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| What was rock n’ roll’s characteristic sound? |
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| drums, electric guitars, double bass
written as dance music
pointed words and shout singing |
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| What was the importance of Strawberry Fields Forever? |
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| first use of electronics to manipulate the vocals |
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| Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club And was important because… |
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| it was the first song to come with lyrics |
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| jazz that blurred lines between solo and accompaniment, eliminated standard elements of them, fixed meters, chord progressions, and tonality |
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| Who were Ornett Coleman and Miles Davis? |
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| Leaders in free jazz and exploring jazz styles |
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| What was fusion/jazz fusion? |
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| A mix of rock n’ roll and jazz |
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| Impressionism
composer and definition |
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| Debussy
uses color and blurs harmony, rhythm, and harmony |
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| Debussy
scale with all whole steps |
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| Debussy
M2, M2, m3, M2, m3 |
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| Liszt and Debussy
M2,m2, M2, m2, M2, m2 |
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| Stravinsky
abandon triadic harmony, voice leading, and M or m diatonic scales, rhythm important |
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| Ives
chords built on 4ths |
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| contrasting triads, each set of instrumental group plays own chord |
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| Joplin
duple, 8 or 16 bar units, syncopation with steady beat, AABBACCDD |
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| is more of an approach, no true definition, approach with intonational freedom, rhythmic freedom, lots of improv |
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| lament, sad, blues note, 12 bar blues form |
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| I-1234 IV-12 I-34 V-12 I-34
4/4 |
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| low leading tone, 3 and 7 |
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| a short progression of chords that can be repeated until the entrance of voice |
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| verse- 16 measures that end on a half cadence
chorus-32 bars, 8A, 8A, 8B(bridge), 8A |
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| came from swing
8A, 8A, 8B, 8A |
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| Ella Fitzgerald
using nonsense syllables and syncopation on pitch, using voice as instrument of band |
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| duke ellington
hard meter, avoided cadences and downbeats, big bands, rhythm very important |
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| rustic, played with instruments that could be played outside
grand ole opry born from it |
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| pieces which lack a tonal center |
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| Schoenberg
use all 12 notes before repeating any
used chart which gave all possible combinations |
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| prime, inversion, retrograde, retrograde inversion |
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prime-row played straight across
inversion-switch direction of all leaps of prime
retrograde-prime backwards
retrograde inversion-inversion backwards |
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| acoustic string ensemble with strings plucked instead of strummed, beat anticipated, singers sing in the upper end of their registers |
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| synthesized electronic sound |
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| milton babbitt
Midi files, used electronic devices to adjust sound, forbidden planet |
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| Jimmy Thompson
brought country music to radio, became an institution and launched many careers |
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| Leonard Bernstein’s
Sondheim libretto, gritty and realistic
Highly Choreographed |
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| Prelude a l’ Apresmidi d’ un faune |
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| Debussy’s beginning of impressionism
lots of sevenths, parallel fifths, and no theme |
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| about a leopard in a cage
uses quartal harmony
ives |
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| Rag written in ragtime style
Joplin |
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| Swing style
Ellington
blue note |
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| Chuck Berry
rock n’ roll
limited melodic range, I & V chord progressions, formal structure and rhythms repetitive |
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| Impressionism, had no pupils, but many impersonators |
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| Went to school for music, then did insurance, then invented quartal harmony and dealt in impressionism
not famous during his lifetime |
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| 3 periods
Russian-extreme chromaticism
Neoclassical-greater economy of both means and expression
Serialist-used serial composition |
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| most famous AA composer of his time and most famous ragtime composer of his time
wanted to do operas
Maple Leaf Rag |
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| Large in Big Band
Wrote Swing and Big Band pieces
Greatest jazz composer of time |
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| Very talented and famous big band, scat, blues, and jazz singer
ease to her singing |
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| 3 stages
Early-advanced chromaticism
Middle-atonal
Late-serial composition |
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| used combinatorial in one of his pieces |
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| Electronic, Aleatory*, and Percussion |
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| Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley |
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| Rock n’ roll artists
suggestive body language while performing
paved way |
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| Strawberry Fields Forever
Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band
used electronics and non-western instruments along with orchestra |
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| when composers embrace the forms and styles of earlier generations while presenting them in an original way |
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| music with an outside story |
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| composers being very proud of there countries of origin, using styles and themes native to their country |
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| beethoven was king
getting very large, and end all of instrumental forms |
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| berlioz used it in his symphonie fantastique |
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| leonore oveture
overtures of operas being performed alone |
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| soloist separate entity
composer/instrumental virtuoso era
still 3 movements, fast, slow, fast |
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| songs grouped together to tell a story
schubert |
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| Foster
made fun of AA, white men in black face |
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| like lieds but performed in parlors of people’s homes |
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| big in france, like french song
first french song cycle which led to orchestral song, written by Berlioz |
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| give and take in tempo
chopin |
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| literally beautiful singing, a vocal technique that emphasizes lyrical melodic lines, legato phrasing, and seemingly effortless vocal technique |
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| Barber of Seville
Also, has aria and cabaletta, begins slow and ends with a lively conclusion |
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| Grand Opera and opera comique |
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grand emphasized story lines drawn from historical subjects and typically featured very lavish stages, ballets, and choral numbers
long and 5 acts, sung in french
Opera Comique
not comic, allowed for spoken dialoge and less emphasis on ballet, stage design, and crowd scenes |
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Gesamtn, meaning synthesized
kunst, meaning art
werk, meaning work
all pieces able to be independent, but also great together, music and drama should be mutually motivating |
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| motives associated with certain things, but change as the thing or person changes |
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| F, B, D#, G#
from rigoletto |
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| staff rhyme
initial and internal sounds of two or more different words is where the rhyme scheme happens |
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| like small scale opera, partially musical theatre, lighter, gilbert and sullivan |
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| popular dances to which music was put during the 19th century |
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| lively end to a night of dancing, people held each other tight and ran in a circle |
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| dance: periodic phrase structure, 4 or 8 measure units, ABA
march: units of 4, 8, 16, and 32 measure s |
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| theatrical dance
tchaikovsky-sleeping beauty, nutcracker, swan lake |
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| listz coined, is a concert overture written for concert hall and not for a show |
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| steady oompah bass with rhythmically free winds above |
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| nationalistic elements in symphonies |
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| Tchaikovsky
Heinrich, Columbiad: Grand American National Chivalrous Symphony |
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