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notes that share the same name (enharmonic/octave equivalence) |
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using #’s instead of pitches |
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12 tone math- 0 up to E (11) |
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up to 6. All intervals that can be made from pitch classes |
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Pitch class interval (ordered, unordered) |
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unordered PCi=ic1..2, etc. ordered- {1,3,5} |
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group of unordered pitch classes |
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pitch class set that = all possible transpositions/inversions starting with 0 |
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a set of pitches taken from a larger set |
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extended sets or subsets of pitches |
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most compact form of the order set to the left |
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normal order starting with 0 |
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composed with ordered elements other than notes |
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an order of all 12 chromatic pitches |
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Hexachordal Combinatoriality |
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2 forms of the same row creating an aggregate |
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collection of all 12 pitches |
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12 tone row constructed with repeating groups of PC set |
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sound color melody (more than 1 inst. on melody) |
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any element left to chance in music |
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using instruments to imitate bird calls |
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music that pushes boundaries and has new, distinctive elements |
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distorting reality with emotion |
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unusual sound/technique for instruments |
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music of the people (Bartok) |
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19th century art music (Debussy) |
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applying serialism to elements other than pitch |
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cluster chords formed from chromatic lines |
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repetition and gradual change of simple elements (limited materials) |
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Modes of Limited Transposition |
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whole tone, can’t be transposed more than 7 times |
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20th century return to classical elements avoiding the excess of romanticism |
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Non-retrogradable rhythms |
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same front to back- palindrome |
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persistant musical figure |
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Shoenberg- named after Pierrot Lunaire (clarinet, flute, piano, violin, cello, piano, singer) |
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connecting chords through parallel motion |
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music that consciously appeals to the masses- Gershwin, Bernstein |
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Ligeti- music using sound clusters to introduce new music (timbre/dynamics) |
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Elliot Carter- change of tempo when the note value of the 1st tempo equals the note value of the second tempo |
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chord with 3 or more adjacent 1/2 steps |
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Post-minimalist- traditional ensembles, return to romantic elements, melody, chromatic harmony (Short Ride in a Fast Machine, El Nino) |
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Minimalist, Jazz- “boogie bass” strange instrumentation (The Style) |
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Integral Serialism- “Who Cartes if You Listen?” (Semi-Simple Variations) |
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Nationalism/Folk music- valued symmetry, strange meters (String Quartet) |
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12 tone- tonal allusion, quotation (Violin Concerto) |
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Chance/Alleatoric- prepared piano, percussion (4’33”) |
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String Piano, tone cluster (The Banshee) |
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Impressionism/Symbolism- Planing, pedal tones, extended tertian harmonies, new scales |
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collaborate, minimalist- simple arpeggios and scales, additive rhythms, formed Philip Glass ensemble (Music in 12 Parts) |
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Hungarian, sound mass (Atmospheres, Etudes for Piano) |
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Experimentalism-American, collage technique, quotations (The Cage, 3 Places in New England) |
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French, bird calls, non-retrogradeable rhythms, modes of limited transposition (Quartet for the End of Time) |
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Minimalism- phasing, process pieces, clapping music (Tehillim, Music for Mallet Inst. and Organ) |
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atonal, experimentalist, late romantic, 12-tone- scprecstimme (Pierrot Lunaire) |
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Neo-classicism- Russian, changing meter, syncopation, blocks of sound, polytonality, ostinato (Rite of Spring, Requiem Canticles) |
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experimentalist- French, percussion, sound mass, Liberation of Sound (Ionisation) |
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2nd Viennese school- miniatures, pointillism, timbre |
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Major-sol, none Minor- sol, ti |
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Maj- ti, ri-fi Min- te, n/a |
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Maj- re, fi Min- re, fi/la |
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