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| A Beethoven sonata, very sad–hence the name. |
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| Another Beethoven sonata. Constant changes in mood and tone, from “calm” to “stormy” |
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| “almost a fantasy” another three part Beethoven sonata |
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| Letter by Beethoven written to brothers about his increasing deafness |
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| The middle segment of beethoven’s career in which he decided to enter a new direction. |
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| Marks the start of the heroic period. Characterized by intense changes in emotion on the dime. |
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| means joke in italian, implies that the piece should be performed in a playful manner–usually the last movement of a sonata. |
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| short short short long opening. one of the most famous pieces in classical music |
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| five movement symphony meant to evoke rural emotion |
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| colorful harmony–not “diatonic”–come on, Jeff you oughta know this one |
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| changes of tempo at the discretion of conductor or soloist |
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| someone who has achieved eminence in a skill. One of the best in their craft. |
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| well known violinist, violist, guitarist and composer–prime example of a virtuoso |
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| Austrian composer who wrote unfinished symphony. Like Schumann but with more accidentals. |
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| events to celebrate Schubert’s music–informal during his lifetime, at a house and chill. Formal during modern times. |
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| a group of songs designed to be played in sequence as part of a single performance |
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| a song cycle of poems written by wilhelm muller and composed by franz schubert |
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| literally song/ songs. art music or art songs from the romantic period. |
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| german writer and polymath of romantic period. writer, poet, philosopher, composer, theologist, dramatist, etc. |
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| character in german poems and ballads. |
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| pieces without repetition–develop themes w/o repeating them. |
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| One of Schubert’s most well-known symphonies w/ an unfinished scherzo |
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| Robert Schumann 1810-1856 |
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| Great Romantic composer–started New Journal of Music |
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| Poet’s Love (Dichterliebe) |
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| Clara Wieck Schumann 1819-1896 |
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| Schumann’s wife, influential pianist who helped shape concert piano formats |
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| Schumann’s music journal. published articles by scholars and musicians alike, notably Wagner’s antisemitic bullshit articles |
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| a brief piece–generally composed for piano–with a single idea in mind. |
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| a song cycle of character pieces |
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| art-music meant to evoke extra-musical ideas. pieces represent scenes, moods, images, etc. i.e. Peter and the Wolf |
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| music that is not explicitly about anything–abstract. |
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| an overture for an opera or dramatic piece |
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| an overture intended not for a dramatic presentation but for non-theatrical performance |
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| romantic composer who wrote Treatise on Instrumentation |
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| Berlioz’s muse, inspiration for symphonie fantastique |
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| Berlioz’s most notable piece. “an episode in the life of an artist” is the original title. one of the most important and representative pieces of romantic period |
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| the “leading motif” or leading idea of a piece. also known as a leitmotif |
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| a latin hymn that translates as “day of wrath” |
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| instruction for stringed instrumentalist to strike a string w/ the wood of the bow |
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| Felix Mendelssohn 1809-1847 |
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| a german jewish composer of the romantic period. not very experimental, leaned more conservatively toward classical styles like bach. |
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| music in a television, radio, movie, play, etc. that is not explicitly musical. |
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| Overture to Midsummer Night’s Dream |
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| mendelssohn’s overture to a straight play (not an opera) for which he |
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| Fanny Mendelssohn (1805-1847) |
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| felix’s sister–good composer and pianist. |
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| polish composer and virtuoso pianist. One of the great romantics. wrote solo for piano and |
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| musical composition inspired by or evoking of the night |
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| polish folk dance in triple meter (i.e. 3/4, 6/8, 9/8) w/ emphasis on second or third beat. very lively |
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| George Sand/ Aurore Dudevant 1803-1876 |
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| a muse of chopin’s. wrote plays about him. extreme feminist and novelist. |
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| composer, virtuoso pianist, great performer, teacher. member of new german school of music. wrote “symphonic poems” |
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| a difficult musical piece, usually written for students to help them improve |
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| Marie d’ Agoult (1805-1876) |
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| liszt’s callin’ ho. (muse). French author. |
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| literal translation: beautiful singing. Italian operas with multiple meanings and potential interpretation |
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| opera composer who wrote religious and chamber music. wrote barber of seville |
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| “the italian girl in algiers” operatic giocoso by rossini |
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| sicilian composer of bel canto opera |
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| bel canto by bellini. one of his most notable pieces |
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| another bel canto composer |
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| italian composer of opera–mainly melodrama |
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| the joining of the city-states |
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| two part form favored for operas. introduces an intensification of plot or music after cantabile |
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| opera in four acts by Verdi. considered his greatest |
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| post-romantic opera. occured in last quarter of 19th century |
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| opera composer from Italy. did I pagiacci |
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| Leoncavallo’s most famous works. one of the most performed operas in history |
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| great Italian opera composer. did la boheme |
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| one of the most frequently performed operas by Leoncavallo |
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| french composer and pianist of romantic era. did carmen |
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| bizet’s most popular opera, became loved posthumously and became one of the most popular operas of all time. |
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| german composer and pianist of romantic era |
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| opera by von weber about German legend. very nationalist. |
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| great german composer/ antisemitic mothafucka. Die Walkyrie |
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| more elaborate intricate recitative |
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