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| somewhat slower than allegro |
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| indicates middle C on third line of staff |
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| somewhat faster than andante |
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| clarity of musical performance |
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| promptness and decision in beginning a tone |
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| separates a staff into measures |
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| indicates F below middle C on the fourth line of the staff |
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| gradually softer and softer |
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| ending section of a piece (sign indicates to go to coda) |
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| hitting the string with the wood part of the bow |
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| detached, articulation comes from the change of direction of the bow |
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| indicates the end of a piece or section |
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| ending to be used the first time |
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| lowers a note one half-step |
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| loud immediately followed by soft |
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| tells what notes to play sharp or flat in a piece or section |
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| metronome marking indicating number of beats per minute |
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| a strongly articulated bow stroke used in marcato style |
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| repeat the previous measure |
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| play the music one octave higher; (8vb)- play the music one octave lower |
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| a complete musical thought or sentence |
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| Gradual slackening in speed |
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| repeat back to the beginning or to the last facing repeat sign |
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| Retardando (retard., rit.) |
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| gradual slackening in speed |
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| dropping or throwing the bow onto the string and letting it rebound a specific number of times |
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| freely, not necessarily in tempo |
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| dropping or throwing the bow onto the string and letting it rebound a specific number of times |
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| ending to be used upon taking a repeat |
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| “the sign”, go back to the sign at D.S. |
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| similarly, continue in the same manner |
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| raises a note one half-step |
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| two or more notes connected by a single articulation |
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| 5 lines and 4 spaces, upon which music is written |
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| the bow is drawn directly on the bridge |
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| the bow is drawn over the finger board |
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| two of the same notes (pitch) to be played together as one longer note |
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| top number = number of beats per measure; bottom number = what kind of note gets the beat |
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| indicates G above middle C on the second line of the staff |
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| a very fast detache bowing; unmeasured strokes |
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| ornamentation consisting of alternating of two consecutive notes |
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