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| Middle ages, renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic |
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| What was the name of church music in the middle ages? |
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| What musical period is the madrigal found in? |
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| What change occurred in about 1600 in the way composers thought about music? |
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| Single line of melody instead of polyphonic sound. |
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| What did the single line of melody with accompaniment lead to? |
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| What made the birth of opera possible? |
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| desire to imitate Greek drama; group of amateur musicians in Florence, Italy reasoned that single line of melody is more expressive in terms of meaning of the words |
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| What is the difference between opera, oratorios, cantatas and art songs? |
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| Opera: staged, any subject, 2.5 – 3 hrs
Oratorios: not staged, religious theme, 2.5 – 3 hrs
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Cantatas: not staged, religious or secular, 20 min
Art songs: short and not staged |
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| Famous example of oratorio? (music memory) |
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| When a composer writes an art song what does he do first? |
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| What is the German and French word for art song? |
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German: Lied
French: Chanson |
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| 2 main reasons vocalists sing in foreign language: |
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| Word placement; meaning lost in translating |
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| What two forms to composers use for writing art songs? |
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| strophic; through composed |
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| Compare and contrast Beethoven and Schubert |
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Beethoven: proud, lonely, a dick, wealthy
Schubert: quiet, nice, lots of friends, poor |
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| How many art songs did Schubert write? |
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| combining sounds, harmonizing |
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| Define strophic and through composed form: |
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Strophic – same music different verses
through composed – new music each verse |
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| Describe vocal music during the Renaissance: |
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| polyphonic, madrigals and such |
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| What ideas were popular at the end of the Renaissance and beginning of Baroque that led to opera? |
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| gradiose dimensions; love of drama |
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| Who were the Florentine Camerata? |
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| the ‘society’ of intellectuals in Florence, Italy |
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| Who wrote the first important opera and what was the name of it? |
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| What is the story line of “Dido and Aeneas”? |
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| The story for Dido and Aeneas was adapted from part of the Aeneid by Virgil. Dido, Queen of Carthage, falls in love with Aeneas, who has landed in Carthage after fleeing from Troy after defeat in the Trojan War. However, some witches living near Carthage, who hate Dido, remind him that he is fated to go and be the founder of the Roman Empire. Aeneas leaves Dido, who is heartbroken and kills herself. |
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| In the aria “Dido’s Lament” what is Dido singing about? |
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| What are the differences between an aria and a recitative? |
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| Recitative – conversational, free in form
Aria – more songlike |
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| What’s the difference between opera seria and opera buffa? |
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| Seria = serious
Buffa = jokes |
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| Know the story line of Don Giovanni as it relates to the Finale? |
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| Somebody he killed comes back to kill DOOOOOOON GIOVAAAAAAANIII and takes him back to hell. |
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| What should you expect when going to an opera? |
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| Replace speaking with singing; sung in highly trained style; words in orig. language; distortion of time |
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| Where did the custom of the replacement of speaking with singing come from? |
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| What is the connection between voice types and various roles in an opera? |
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| How do opera composers use small ensembles and choruses in opera? |
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| small ensembles of several characters singing choruses |
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| What’s the function of orchestras in opera? |
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| What kind of opera dominated the opera world until the 19th century? |
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| What is the French name for opera buffa? |
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| What’s different about opera comique? |
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| Not supposed to be funny; uses spoken dialogue; not as long and serious as opera seria |
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| What type of opera is “Carmen”? |
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| Know 7 important opera composers and their musical periods: |
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| Baroque: Monteverdi, Purcell
Classical: Mozart
Romantic: Bizet, Verdi, Puccini, Wagner |
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| used at the end of the Renaissance; same as homophonic |
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| Libretto is text that makes up an opera. |
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