| Dates of the Romantic Period |
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| Characteristics that Romantic movement stressed: |
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| Tone color(timbre); colorful harmony; expanded range of dynamics, pitch and tempo; form was miniature and monumental |
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| Important Romantic composers |
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| Beethoven, Shubert, Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi, Brahms, Tchaikovsky |
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| Important Romantic piano composers |
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| Liszt (imitated Paganini), Beethoven, Chopin (first of virtuoso) |
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| Which composer is not a Romantic period composer? Schubert, Ives, Liszt, Tchaikovsky |
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| Slowing or speeding up the tempo. “Stretching” the tempo. |
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| Who invented the piano and when? |
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| Bartolomeo Cristofori circa 1700. |
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| What was the most important keyboard instrument before piano? |
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| What are the differences between the harpsichord and piano? |
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| Piano strikes strings, harpsichord plucks strings.; Tone; number of keys; color of keys |
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| How did Classical musicians differ from Romantic musicians in how they made a living? |
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Classical – worked for aristocracy
Romantic – employed themselves |
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| Which individual lived as a “free agent” and spanned the change from Classical to Romantic? |
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| What 3 kinds of music did Romantic composers write for middle class? |
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| Virtuoso; amateur; orchestral transcriptions |
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| Name two Romantic period performers and their instruments. |
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Paganini – violin
Liszt – piano |
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| Genres of piano compositions: |
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| sonata; nocturne; ballad; etudes; preludes; waltzs; mazurkas; polonaises; |
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| 3 parts of sonata-allegro form? |
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| exposition; development; recapitulation |
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| How many themes are included in the exposition of sonata-allegro form? |
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| What individual influenced the career choices of Chopin, Liszt and Schumann? |
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| Why did Chopin leave Poland? |
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| To tour Austria and Germany |
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| Why was Chopin not able to return to Poland? |
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| Warsaw was taken over by Russian army |
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| Where did Chopin live after leaving his homeland? |
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| Where did Chopin do most of his piano performing? |
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| Place where aristocrats, musicians and artists gathered for concerts. Home of rich bitch |
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| What is a nickname for Chopin? |
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| Where did Liszt live during his performance career? |
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| Where was the artistic center of Europe during the early Romantic period? |
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| long piece supposed to remind listener of Middle Ages ballad |
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| designed to stress particular technical problem |
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| proud and stately Polish dance |
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| What 2 changes did Liszt make in the way piano virtuosos were performed? |
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| Turned piano sideways; memorized his music |
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| 3 periods of Liszt’s life and how they influenced him. |
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| Early life – diabolical; imitating Paganini
Middle Life – married and composed a lot
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Later life – became religious |
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| Important facts about Robert and Clara Schumann: |
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| He crippled his 4th finger in left hand; when married wrote 140 art songs; attempted suicide; when he died she performed his music |
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| Difference between Miniature and Monumental compositions? |
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| Miniature: Small works for intimate surroundings
Monumental: large works for large places |
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| Differences between Baroque, Classical and Romantic concertos: |
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| 3 movements never changed; as time progressed soloist became more important; Baroque used “ritornello” form which means exposition was repeated. Classical did not repeat but added another exposition. Romantic dropped double exposition so soloist could come in sooner. |
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| A short keyboard work expressing a mood or idea |
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| Technical display by soloist |
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| means “to consort together” and “to compete”; contradictory meanings |
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