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distance between
highest and lowest pitches that
can be sung or played by voice
or instrument |
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distance between two
pitches |
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| A sequence of pitches, also called a “tune,” heard in the foreground of music. |
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| The highness or lowness of a sound |
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| The perceived loudness or softness of a sound. |
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| A term describing the regular puls of much of western calssical music and its divisios into regular groupingof two, three, four or six beats |
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| The temporal relationships within music. |
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| The unit of time in Western music and musical notation in which one cycle of the meter takes place. |
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| A regular fluctuation of a sound, produced by varying the pitch of the sound. |
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| Contrasting rhythms that are performed at the same time |
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| A grouping, or measure, of two beats |
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| A rhythmic organization based on groupings, or measure, or three beats. |
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| Groupings of two, three, or four beats per measure. |
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| Groupings of six, nine, or twelve beats per measure. |
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| A rhythmic effect that providesan unexpected accent, often by temprarily unsettling the meter through a change in the established pattern of stressed and unstressed beats. |
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more pleasant,
stable, provides feeling of
resolution |
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harsh,
discordant, unstableunpleasant—
In need of
resolution |
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? “Single voice”
? Melodic line without harmonic
accompaniment or other melodic lines
present
? Includes a group of singers or
instruments performing the exact same
line (doesn’t have to be solo
performance)
? Gregorian Chant
? Solo Voice or single-pitch instrument |
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? Single melody takes
importance (interest) over
subordinate accompaniment
? Frequently used in Folk,
pop, rock music: singer
with guitar, for example |
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? “many voices”
? Two or more different
melodic lines are combined
? Example: J.S. Bach: Art of
the Fugue |
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? Multiple (2 or more) voices/
instruments simultaneously
elaborating same melodic line
? Same melody used as basis or
springboard for further improvisation
? Improvisation-spontaneous
? Heterophony more often found in
folk, jazz, or popular styles |
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any instrument
that makes sound using air
Examples: flutes, accordions,
bagpipes, horns, didgeridoo |
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make sound by
vibrating string between two
points
? Examples: violin, harp, guitar,
sitar |
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make sound using
element of instrument itself;
generally percussion
? Examples: shaker, rattle, bells,
xylophone, gong |
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make sound
stretched membrane; can be
struck, rubbed, even sung into
to produce sound; generally
percussion
? Examples: drums-toms, snare
drum, conga |
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People living outside their historic homeland who
maintain memories of, and attachments to, their
place of origin |
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– Movement of people into a new region by
choice: “pull” factors
– Possible reasons: religious or economic
opportunities
– Examples: European colonization of
Americas, Chinese Migration |
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– Movement due to forces beyond migrant’s control:
“push” factors
– Conquest, slavery, famine, war
– Ex: 1845 Irish “great hunger,” African Forced
Migration |
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slide up or down (usually in
just one direction-not quite as in Indian
music) |
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• Lullaby: free rhythm, vibrato
• Pentatonic-based melody
• “The music of the Dan Bau should be solely
for the pleasure of its player. Don’t listen to it
if you are a young woman.”
– Also used for love songs. |
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West Africa
Loud Drumming
? Was played before combat to prepare,
provide courage
? Played after to communicate events,
note deaths of warriors or chiefs |
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? “Mood” — “That which colors the mind”
? Term for melodic scale; how pitch system is organized |
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? Repeated rhythmic patterns
? Sollukattu: rhythm language/counting system; syllables
mimic drum sound (Carnatic Music)
? “Bol”: same thing in Hindustani music |
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| two drums; played with fingers |
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similar instrument in Carnatic music (fewer
strings) |
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| string instrument: 18-string guitar/lute |
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