rhythm

1. relationship between music and time

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2. a specific rhythmic pattern

meter
systematic arrangement (3/4, 4/4, for example)
tempo
the rate of speed at which a piece is played
pitch
tone created by the frequency of vibration within a vibrating body
melody
a succession of mulitple pitches
conjunct melody
a melody that moves in gradual or stepwise motion
disjunct melody
a melody that moves in skips
chord
simultaneous sounding of multiple pitches
harmony
structure and relation of chords and melody
timbre

tone color or character

In other words, if a flute plays a note, and then an oboe plays the same note, for the same length of time, at the same loudness, you can still easily distinguish between the two sounds, because a flute sounds different from an oboe. This difference is in the timbre of the sounds.

texture
how musical lines relate to one and other
monophony

texture

single line

homophony

texture

one line predominates

heterophony

texture

multiple interpretations of the same melody

antiphony

texture

when two or more voices inteact, call and response

polyphony

texture

two or more independent lines

dynamics
variations in volume
crescendo
to get louder
decrescendo
to get softer
form
organizational structure in a piece of music
instrumention
the arrangement of musical instruments