Melody
Memorable tune
Pitch
relative position (high or low) of a music sound
Octave
when a pitch is duplicated 8 notes apart
Treble clef
what high pitch instruments follow
Bass clef
what lower instruments follow
Sharp
raise pitch half a step
flat
lower the pitch by half a step
Chromatic scale
12 notes
Tonic
first note on a scale
interval
distance between 2 pitches
Modulation
pitch of key
difference between minor/major and chromatic scale
chromatic-12
major/minor-8
Half note
2 beats long
quarter note
1 beat
beat
steady pulse
accent
emphasizing a note
upbeat
last weakest beat of a measure
tempo
speed
top number of time signature means?
number of beats per measure
whole note
4 beats
Ode to Joy attributes
tuneful and singable
almost all adjacent pitches
recognizable melody
Phrase
unit of musical meter that has a complete musical sense of its own
antecedent
1st opening phrase
consequent
2nd opening phrase
1685
Bach and Handel’s birth year
Binary form
AABB, typical form of Baroque dances
Reason for Handel’s emigrating from germany to london?
make money producing italian opera
Opera seria
serious opera, glorifies royalty, myths, nobility and tells of tragedies and the gods
purposes, location, subject and length of operaof
entertainment, theatre, myths, 2-3 hrs
purpose, location, subject and length of oratorio
sacred entertainment, theatre/concert hall/church, biblical characters, 2-3 hrs.
Chorus of oratorios
served as narrator, voice of he people, commenting on actions
3 divisions of Handel’s Messiah
Prophecy of Jesus’ coming and incarnation

Resurrection and triumph of gospel

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Refelctions of christian victory over death

Genre
type/class of music
5 main genres of Mozart’s day
symphony, string cortet, sonata, concerto, opera
Tempos of 4 symphony movements
fast-slow-minuet-fast
4 instruments in a string quartet
1st and 2nd violin, viola, cello
form of a classical concerto
double exposition
Master of classical opera and vocal ensemble
Mozart
Mozarts secret to success
instinct for effectiveness, quick changes, quick exchange of musical dialogue
Texture
density/arrangement of artistic elements
monophony
all notes sung in unison
homophony
primary part is supported by one or more additional strands that flesh out harmony and provide contrast
polyphony
2 or more simultaneous lines of independent melody
relation between counterpoint and polyphony
both have 2 or more opposing lines
form
arrangement of musical elements
strophic form
AAAA
Theme/variation form
A1 A11 A111 A1111
Rondo
ABACA
Origin of Baroque music
Italy 1600
Barroco
Origin of the word baroque; misshapen ornamental pearl
Rules of the opera house
1. all parts sung (mainly soloists)
2. major roles go to the best singers
3. star singers receive and demand appearance fees
Recitative
something to be recited; lacks perceptible beat and rhythm
concerto
friendly contest between soloist and orchestra
solo concerto
only 1 soloist confront orchestra
vivaldi
most famous baroque composer
melodic sequence
repetition of a musical motive at a successively higher or lower degree of the scales
concerto grosso
small group of soloists performing against orchestra as a unit
Community of folk songs
time period, social class, countries
country music
repertoire of songs for solo singer w/lyrics treating lifes disappointments
4 instruments of early Appalachian ballads
banjo, american fiddle, autharp, fretted dulicimer,
what instrument replaced the early Appalachian instruments
guitar
Carter family names and roles
A. P. – vocals and guitar
Sara – vocals and autoharp
Maybelle – guitar
background of people who made country music
anglo-irish immigrants
when blues was created
1880s
blues
genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century
rag (verb)
music with a syncopated melody
scott joplin
king of ragtime
who created symphonic jazz
george gershwin
pieces that exemplify symphonic jazz
An American In Paris

Rhapsody in Blue

Reason for the creation of bebop
young people wanted to expand jazz’s creative possibilites and go beyond a dance style to make a style that demanded close listening
Wynston Marsalis’ promotion of jazz music
released an educational series about jazz in 1995

taught 12 rules of practice in schools

Renaissance period
1350-1600
Renaissance music period
1450-1600
Renaissance involved a renewed interest in
Greek/Roman cultures, literature, poetry, the arts
Where did the renaissance begin
Italy
What is a renaissance Motet
composition for choir setting latin text on a sacred text
Order of voices in “Ave Maria”
Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass

Create pneumonic device for letters SATB

Accapella
means “in the chapel” and only uses voice
Purpose of Counter Reformation
promote a conservative and austere approach to art
Palestrina’s role in the Counter reformation
Showed that text could be understood in polychromatic composition
Madrigal
word painting song on a chromatic scale meant for entertainent
1460 invention that hepled printing and distributing music
printing by movable type around