Grave
Refers to tempo; very slow and solemn
Largo
Refers to tempo; very slow and broad, with dignity
Lent/Lento
Refers to tempo; very slow
Adagio
Refers to tempo; very slow and expressive
Larghetto
Refers to tempo; not as slow as Largo, but slower than Andante
Andante
Refers to tempo; rather slow, but with a flowing movement (“walking tempo”)
Andantino
Refers to tempo; a little quicker than Andante
Moderato
Refers to tempo; moderate speed
Allegretto
Refers to tempo, light and cheerful, but not as fast as Allegro
Allegro
Refers to tempo; “merry”, quick, lively, bright
Vivo
Refers to tempo; lively, brisk
Vivace
Refers to tempo; vivacious, faster than Allegro
Presto
Refers to tempo; very quick, faster than Vivace
Accelerando
To increase the speed gradually
Stringendo
To increase intensity by increasing tempo
Affrettando
To increase the speed gradually
Allargando
Slower and louder
Ritardando
Gradually slackening the speed
Rallentando
Slowing down, gradually
Rubato
A lingering on some notes and hurrying of others; free from strict tempo, but preserving the value of the rhythmic notations
A Tempo
Return to original tempo after a Ritard
Poco A Poco
Little by little; to do the prescribed action over a series of measures, gradually
Pianissimo
Very soft
Sforzando
A strongly accented note or chord
Sforzato
Strongly accented, then immediately Piano
Accent
A stress on notes so marked
Subito
Suddenly; usually used to indicate a dramatically sudden change in dynamic level
Agitato
With agitation, excitedly
Animato
With animation, in a spirited manner
Appasionato
With intensity and depth of feeling
Brillante
Bright, sparkling, brilliant
Brio
Vigor, spirit
Cantabile
In a singing style
Dolce
Sweetly and softly
Scherzando
In a light, playful and sportive manner
Cadence
The close or ending of a phrase
Da Capo
From the beginning
Coda
The closing measures of a piece of music