Treble Clef

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indicates the second line of the staff is G

Staff

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5 lines and 4 spaces used for writing music

Time Signature

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indicates the number of beats (counts) in each measure and the type of note that receives one beat

Key Signature

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appears at the beginning of the staff and indicates which notes will be played sharp or flat
Multiple-Measure Rest
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indicates more than one full measure of rest; the number above the staff indicates how many measures to rest

Bar Line

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divides the staff into measures

Ledger Line

 

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extends the staff either above or below
Tempo Markings
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indicate the speed of the music

Quarter Note

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receives 1 beat (count) in 4/4 time
Half Note
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receives 2 beats (counts) in 4/4 time

Whole Note

 

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receives 4 beats (counts) in 4/4 time
Eighth Note
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receives 1/2 (one-half) beat (count) in 4/4 time
Sixteenth Note
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receives 1/4 (one-fourth) beat (count) in 4/4 time
Thirty-second Note
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receives 1/8 (one-eighth) beat (count) in 4/4 time
Tie
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a curved line that connects two or more notes of the same pitch; the tied notes are played as one longer note with the combined value of both notes
Slur
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a curved line connecting two or more notes; tongue only the first note in the slur
Accent
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play the note with a strong attack
1st and 2nd Endings
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play the 1st ending the first time through; repeat the music, but skip over the 1st ending on the repeat and play the 2nd ending instead
Accidentals
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sharp-raises the pitch of the note by one half a step
flat-lowers the pitch of the note by one half a step
natural-cancels a sharp or flat
Breath Mark
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tells you to take a deep breath through your mouth
Crescendo
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gradually play louder
D.C. al Fine
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repreat from the beginning and play to the Fine
D.S. al Fine
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repeat from the sign and play to the Fine
Decrescendo
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gradually play softer
Dot
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increases length of a note by half its value
Double Bar Line
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indicates the end of a section
Duet
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a composition for two performers
Dynamics
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change in volume
Etude
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a “study” piece, or an exercise that helps you practice a specific technique
Fermata
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hold a note or rest longer than its normal duration
Fine
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the end of a piece of music
Pickup Note
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occurs before the first complete measure of a phrase
Staccato
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an articulation or style of playing that is light and seperated
Scale
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a series of notes that ascend or descend stepwise within a key; the lowest and highest notes of the scale are always the same letter name and are an octave apart
Ritardando
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becoming gradually slower
Repeat Sign
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go back to the beginning and play the piece again, or to the Right-Facing Repeat, which indicates where to begin repeating the music