Sonata-Allegro Form
A complex form used in almost all multi-movement instrumental works since around 1750. The form divides into three forms, exposition, development, and recapitulation.
Exposition
is where the primary themes are introduced, The secondary themes are usually in contrasting keys in the exposition. (the Beginning section of a Sonata-Allegro Form)
Development
is where thematic materials are extended and treated. (middle section and most developed) The development also avoids the tonic key. Development can be contrapuntal and can include imitative or fugal sections.
Recapitulation
is where the theme is restated. (Final section of the Sonata-Allegro Form)
Coda
A final segment of a movement or composition that has been added after a point at which the work could have been concluded.
Minuet Sonata Form (Rosen) = Stedman’s Song form with Trio
3 parts just like the Sonata-Allegro Form, but with different themes. It is a dance form of a song.
Variation Form
is a large form that uses either a melodic pattern or a harmonic pattern as the subject of a series of variations.
Binary Form
is a musical form in two related sections, both of which are repeated. It’s usually used to choreograph dances.
Theme
is a melody that is the primary material of a section or movement.
Motive
is a short melodic fragment that tends to reappear frequently in a composition; can also apply to a rhythmic motive in the same sense.
Strum and Drang
A literary movement in the 18th century Germany whose title became associated with the almost forced expressiveness of the music of C.P.E. Back and other of the period.
Style Galant
is associated with the rococo period in music history; characterized by a simplicity of texture (simple melody with accompaniment), Fast tempos, incessant rhythmic activity that propels the music very energetically and employs other elements of melodic embellishment
Homophonic
is pertaining to a type of musical texture or layout of parts or voices that has a single melody with a more or less chordal accompaniment.
Polyphonic
pertains to a texture created by the combining of two or more melodic lines. The use of counterpoint creates a polyphonic texture.
Major mode
is another way of saying major scale. A major mode has a major third (two wholes steps) above the tonic pitch; also describes a triad or chord with a major third as its lowest-sounding third; also describes intervals of thirds and sixths. A major interval is a half step larger than a minor interval.
Minor Mode
is the mode that locates a minor third above the tonic, or first, scale degree in the tonality; Minor Scale is usually comprised of a tonic (name of the scale), minor third and then a perfect 5th.
Tonic
is the first scale degree. It also refers to the chord built on the first degree.
Dominant
is the 5th one of the scale, so if the Tonic is C, then the Dominant key is G.
Fugue
is form of music based on imitative counterpoint. The composition starts with only one voice stating the theme or subject; then a subsequent voices enter successively with an imitation of the subject while earlier voices continue in more freely contrapuntal lines.
Canon
An imitative contrapuntal form in which a late-entering voice repeats exactly what the first voice has played or sung. Ex. 3 Blind mice