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| Totalitarian Leader of Turkmenistan from 1991 to 2006, megalomaniac, eccentric ideas and priorities destroyed Turkmenistan’s infrastructure |
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| Two music groups that influence Turkmen music |
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Kazak/Kyrgyz influenced
Persian influenced – Tajik/Uzbek/Azerbaijan |
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| Kazak influences in Turkmenistan |
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| percussion instruments, qobuz horsehair fiddle, singing contests |
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| Persian influence in Turkmenistan (6) |
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| 1. ghidjak spike fiddle, Arabo-Persian 2. metric patterns, 3. verse forms and 4. imagery, 5. epic singing, 6. microtonality |
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| Bard- singer, poet, musician, links to shamanism |
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| How does a Bagshy recieve the gift of music? |
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| In a dream, by his patron Saint |
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| Performs entire epics, or Dessans |
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| performs selected songs from epic, as well as verse |
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| literally journey, performance of a Dessan |
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| 5 life-cycle events the Dessan is performed |
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| 1. birth of a son 2. circumcision 3. first haircut 4. weddings 5. 60th birthdays |
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| Turkmen opera written by Dangatar Ovezov |
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