| What are the four main properties of musical sounds? |
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| pitch, dynamics, tone color and duration |
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| the relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound |
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| A sound that has a definite pitch |
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| the “distance” in pitch between any two tones |
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| distance between the lowest and highest tones that a voice or an instrument can produce |
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| degrees of loudness or softness in music |
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| emphasis on tone given by playing it more loudly than the tones around it |
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| Decrescendo or diminuendo |
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| the quality that distinguishes the sound |
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| The musician plucks the string, usually with a finger of the right hand. In jazz, the double bass is typically played mainly as a plucked instrument, rather than being bowed. |
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| The string player can produce a throbbing, expressive tone by rocking the left hand while pressing the string down. This causes small pitch fluctuations, which can make the tone warmer. |
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| The musician rapidly repeats tones by quick up-and-down strokes of the bow. This can create a sense of tension, when loud; or a shimmering sound, when soft. |
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| regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time |
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| the organization of beats into regular groups |
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| The first, or stressed, beat of the measure |
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| the speed of the beat — the basic pace of the music |
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| moderately slow, a walking pace |
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| a series of single notes that add up to a recognizable whole |
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| points of arrival, rest, and resolution |
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| unstable tone combination; its tension demands an onward motion to a stable chord |
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| refers to how many different layers of sound are heard at once, whether they are melody or harmony, and how they are related to each other |
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| one main melody accompanied by chords; attention is focused on the melody, which is supported and colord by sounds of subordinate interest |
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| phrase, section, or entire movement, often used to create a sense of unity |
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| striking differences of pitch, dynamics, rhythm, and tempo that provide variety and change of mood |
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| changing some features of a musical idea while retaining others |
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| form that can be represented as statement (A); contrast (B); return of statement (A) |
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| form gives a sense of statement (A) and counterstatement (B) |
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| refers to a characteristic way of treating the various musical elements |
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| melody set to sacred Latin texts and sung without accompaniment (monophonic texture) |
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