What was the period of rebirth through 1450 and 1600 that had an eruption of new achievements in both music and art?
The Renaissance
By 1400, what improvements were made?
Stabilized economy, colonies grew, rulers richer, and a growing fascination with ancient Greek culture
What are the study of things pertaining to human knowledge?
Humanities
What was the name of the artist that painted the Sistine Chapel, sculpted the Statue of David, and created the Creation painting?
Michelangelo
Who was the vegetarian who created “The Last Supper”, Mona Lisa, and was an accomplished inventor?
Leonardo da Vinci
What is the Codex Leicester?
Leonardo da Vinci’s journal with his inventions in code
What improvement was made to cathedrals?
They included music schools
Who wrote the 1st important book on counterpoint entitled “Liber de arte Contrapuncti” (A book on the art of counterpoint)in 1477?
Johannes Tinctoris
What kind of counterpoint had voices that echoed each other?
Imitative Counterpoint
What kind texture had all voices move together in the same rhythm?
Homophonic texture
What invention had a three stage process for music that printed staves first, then the notes, and lastly, the words making composing much easier and gave composers the opportunity to make more money?
Printing press
Who published his first song on the printing press (Harmonie musices odhecaton?
Ottavino Petrucci
What was the name of the allied territory of England within France during the 100 Years War?
Burgandy
What were some characteristics of English music?
Use of 3rds, 6ths, consonant music, and syllabic texture
Who developed a tuning system, was highly educated, a highly regared composer in England, worked for Kings and Queens, was a famous astronomer, composed masses, motetes, and Quam pulchra es?
John Dunstable
Who was Philip the Bold?
One Duke of the Duchy of Burgandy who employed a Band of Minstrels and died without a male heir
Who was the famous composer who had a rough childhood with his father being a priest and his mother being a woman of illrepute, composed both traditional and contemporary music, and composed “Se la face ay pale”?
Guillame DuFay
What new improvement happened to the Mass?
It was set to a polyphonic setting
What polyphonic Mass was basically just the Gregorian chant?
Plainsong
What polyphonic Mass used a motive to create the mass so that the same motive appears later in the mass?
Motto Mass
What polyphonic Mass, “Fixed melody mass”, was the most sophisticated of the three polyphonic Masses?
Cantus Firmas
What was the bouncy melody that became popular during the Renaissance (The Armed Man)?
L’homme arme
What Franco-Flemish composer worked as a singer in Belgium, was a singer of printed music a.k.a “left-handed singer”, and composed Missa Prolationum – Kyrie?
Jean de Ockeghem
Who was considered the most important composer of his time, was born in France as a choir singer, lived as a composer in the Sistine Chapel, worked in Spain, but left because of the Plague, was called “master of all notes, became wealthy through an inheritance, and composed “Mille regretz – chanson”?
Josquin des Prez
What period in the Renaissance ushered in the founding of the Protestant church to challenge the Catholic church?
Protestant Reformation
What German man was from a working class family, published 95 Thesis used to challenge the Catholic church, was excommunicated from the Catholic Church founded the Lutheran church, and composed “Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland”?
Martin Luther
What did the Lutheran church offer?
The Liturgy and Bible translated into German and a four-part choral
What is a chorale?
Newly composed music or a take on an existing melody set to four voices
Who led the longest movement of the Protestants, thought that polyphony distaracted fromt he church, created a collection of psalms called a Psalter, and had first book called “Bay Psalm Book” published int he New World?
Jean Calvin
Who was the important English composer that had a patent on manuscript paper, was the first to write anthems, and composed “Sing Joyfully Unto God”?
William Byrd
What “Society of Jesus” had young men in priesthood training to convert people to Catholicism?
Jesuits
What were the series of meetings by the Catholic church where leaders wrote down ways to fight Protestants and wanted music to stay the same and not change to polyphony and imitation called?
Council of Trent
What composer sang in the Sistine chapel as a boy, spent 40 years at St. Peters, wrote 104 Masses, madrigals, over 300 religious motes, and contribute to saving polyphony within the mass by presenting “Missa Popae Morcelli” to the Council of Trent?
Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina
What was the name of the period when high council of priest threw heretics into dungeons for not following Protestant or Catholic religions?
Spanish Inquisition
Who was the head of the Spanish Inquisition that was the most feared?
Torquemada
What Spanish composer was the first to master Palestrina’s style and trained in Rome?
Tomas Luis de Victoria
What did Spanish explores aim to do after they conquered new lands?
They trained the indigenous people to play current instruments and to follow their religion
What were multi-voiced songs sung on secular subjects that had important text enhanced by music, were through-composed, had an epigram,and included word painting?
Madrigals
What was music called that had different words and music all the way through?
Through-composed
What is it called when a statement is made with a moral at the end?
Epigramatic
What composer in Italy composed “Il bianco e dolce cigno”?
Jacques Arcadelt
What is it called when a composer sets words using dynamics to give the music a point?
Word painting
What was the highly trained group of women singers sung very lightly and established female composers called?
Concerto Delle Donne
What composer based in Rome worked for aristcratic families, composed 2 books on madrigals, composed 24 madrigal books, one of the 1st composers to incorporate word painting, and composed “Solo e pensoso”?
Luca Mavenzio
Who was the prolific composer of madrigals that committed many murders and composed “Io parto e non piu dissi – madrigal”?
Carlo Gesualdo
What kind of song either features a profane subject or has an innuendo?
Catch song
What group of amateur men “master singers” got together to sing and held contests to create new words for a melody?
Meistersingers
What is it called when words are used in conjunction with music (these were used in Madrigals)?
Madrigalisms
Who was the most well known Meistersinger?
Hans Sacks
What is a Consort song?
Solo voice accompanied with an instrument
Who was the ruler of England that had 6 wives, joined the Protestant church to gain the ability to divorce his wives, developed consort songs, and was a musician?
Henry VIII
What “music from the Alps” created in 1588 was a collection of songs that inspired musicians to create madrigals?
Musica transalpina
What well known composer or madrigals wrote “A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practical Music” to help amateurs to read and write music, and composed “My Bonnie Lass, She Smileth”?
Thomas Morley
What was the portable predecessor to the guitar commonly used during this period?
Lute
Who was the leading composer of lute songs that wrote in Lute tablature, composed Airs (designations for songs, and composer “Flow, My Tears”?
John Dowland
What text written by Praetorius had haut (high) instruments and bas (low) instruments?
Syntayma musicum
What is a family of instruments ?
Consort
What is the predecessor to the trombone with a shorter bell?
Sackbutt
What is the early double reed instrument with a weird sound called?
Krummhorn
What is the early violin -like instrument that had 6 gut strings called?
Viola de gamba
What is the personal keyboard with a soft tamber and a sustained tone?
Clavichord
What keyboard had a brighter tone with plucked strings, also called a Virginal, Clavecin, or Claricembalo?
Harpsichord
What became more prominent and served as a social function?
Dancing
What was the most important center of music and art in Italy that was run by a head Duke or Doge?
Venice
What church was the center for civic functions and church services?
St. Mark’s church
What composer was an organist that worked at St. Mark’s, wrote polychordal motets (work for large choir of musical instruments), and had most of his music performed by brass instruments in the rafters of churches, and composed Canzon semptini toni a 8?
Giovanni Gabrieli
Who composed “Cum essem parvulus – motet”?
Orlande de Lassus
Who composed “No. 5 Basse Danse La Morisque”?
Tielman Susato