Joseph Haydn:
Hire a custom writer who has experience. It's time for you to submit amazing papers!
order now
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth: Early 1700s (1732 – 1809)
- Country of Birth: Austria
- Earning a Living: Served as teacher; Played sacred and secular jobs; Worked for Esterhazy family; Traveled to London twice to complete last twelve symphonies (6 each time.)
|
|
Joseph Haydn:
Claim To Fame
|
|
- Classical
- Achievements: Developed the symphony and string quartet; contributed to Classical style; one of greatest Classical composers of oratorio and Masses; use of folk-like themes and counterpoint.
- Genres: Oratorio, mass, string quartet, symphony
- Innovation: Tafelmusic, Monothematic
- Influences: Influenced by Mozart, then later influenced Mozart
|
|
|
- Melodic Simplicty
- “Surprises”
- Clear Harmony; slower harmonic rhythm
- Dominant Homophony
- Importance of Sonata Form
- Monothematic
|
|
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth: Mid 1700s (1756 – 1791)
- Country of Birth: Salzburg, Austria
- Career: Worked in Salzburg, moved to Vienna
- Earning a Living: Virtuoso piano player early in life; worked at Archbishop’s Court in Salzburg; Worked in Vienna
;
|
|
;
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Claim to Fame
;
|
|
;
- Classical
- Achievement:;;Established national German opera style; Master of all genres, strong development of Opera and Concerto; Major contributor in the classical genres of the Symphony, string quartet, piano sonata, and the violin sonata.
- Influences:;;
- Influenced Opera:
- Fusion of National Styles
- Fused Comic and Serious (Giocoso)
- Ensemble Finales
- Influenced Concerto:
- Created the “Classical Concerto”
- Developed “standard classical-sonata form.”
- Orchestra and Soloist equality.
- Added new instruments to orchestra.
- Wind-Band sonority; Question/Answer dialogue; Contrupuntal Collaborations; Orchestra with melody accompanied by soloist.
|
|
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Style
|
|
- Synthesis of German and Italian Styles
- Clarity, restraint and proportion mixed with intensity.
- Lyrical Melodies
- Expressive Chromaticism
- Dramatic Contrast
|
|
Ludwig van Beethoven
;
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth:;;Late 1700s (1770 – 1827)
- Country of Birth:;;Germany
- Career:;;Mostly in Austria.
- Earning a Living:;; Harpsichordist and organist along with teaching piano; played viola around court and theatre; Haydn urged Beethoven to move to Vienna; played for aristocrats; lost some hearing and pulled out from performing
|
|
Ludwig van Beethoven
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
- Achievements:;;Culmination of classical period; transitional composer between romantic and classical; highly independent; helped elevate status of composers
- Influences:;;Changed relationship between patron and audience; expression of individual feelings
- Innovations:;;Expansion of sonata; cyclical structures; no pauses between movements; triumphant finales; independent overtures; program music; choral parts in a symphony
|
|
Ludwig van Beethoven
Style
|
|
- Three periods:
- Late Classical
- Transitional
- Heavily modified motives.
- Rhythmic energy and driving rhythm
- Abrupt shifts in mood and dynamics
- Expansion of the orchestra
- Wide tonal relationships
- Altering proportions of sonata
- Cyclic Structures
- Programmatic Elements
- Romantic
- Sudden dynamic changes and explicit dynamic instructions.
- Minor mode use; sudden and bold modulations
- Expansion of Orchestra (Trombone)
- Frequent use of octaves and thicker textures.
|
|
Franz Schubert
;
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth:;;Late 1700s (1797- 1828)
- Country of Birth:;;Vienna, Austria
- Earning a Living:;;Father gave musical training; tried teaching school; wrote for small gatherings; sold subscriptions; wrote Schubertaiden, one large-scale concert.
|
|
Franz Schubert
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
- Achievement:;;Wrote mostly in Vienna for mostly Lieder; created parternership/duet with piano and voice.
- Genres:;;Lieder, Song-Cycles, Schubertaiden
- Innovation:;;Duet/partnership between voice and piano.
|
|
|
- Romantic
- Known extensively as a “melodist.”
- Great skill at innovative modulation (Imaginiative modulations and dual modality.)
- Textpainting
|
|
Robert Schumann
;
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth:;;Early 1800s (1810 – 1856)
- Country of Birth:;;Germany
- Career:;;Took lessons from Clara Wieck; turned to literary writing and came up with three “characters” (Master Raro, Florestan and Eusebius); music critic; spoke up for serious German style; married Clara; worked at Leipzig Conservatory, had nervous breakdown on concert tour; remained in asylum for rest of life.
|
|
Robert Schumann
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
;
- Achievements:;;Wrote reviews lifting careers of Beethoven, Bach, Schubert, Chopin, and Brahms.
;
|
|
|
;
- “Autobiographical Music” = Fiercely Emotional
- Almost all piano.
- Significant portion of music is vaguely programmatic.
- Irregular phrasing and “seamless” connections.
- Innovative rhythmic use (hemiola, polyrhythm, etc.)
;
|
|
Frederic Chopin
;
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth:;;Early 1800s (1810 – 1849)
- Country of Birth:;;Warsaw, Poland
- Country of Career:;;Paris, France
- Earning a Living:;;Studied at Warsaw Conservatory; moved to Paris; Performed mainly at small, friendly gatherings; taught pupils of high social/economic standing; had relationships with several women, the most notable being George Sand
|
|
Frederic Chopin
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
- Influence:;;Wrote high quality piano music; Use of progressive harmony
- Output:;;Mainly character pieces. ;(non-programmatic)
|
|
|
- Graceful, sensitive, romantic, and virtuosic. ;Did not focus on “showing off.”
- Lyrical, graceful melodies.
- Extremely ornamental (grace notes, passing tones, and extreme embellishment)
- Adventurous harmony.
- Ambiguity of diatonic and altered pitches.
- Delayed resolutions
- Not beginning and ending piece in tonic or even the same key.
- Tempo Rubato
|
|
Franz Liszt
;
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth:;;Early 1800s (1811 – 1886)
- Country of Birth:;;Hungary (Lived in Austria and France as a boy.)
- Career:;;Mixture of “worldy and priestly”; ;travelled internationally; ;participated in religious studes and took “minor orders”; actively pursued women and relationships; aspired to make piano sound like Paganini; had the first complete solo recital; became a full-time conducting
|
|
Franz Liszt
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
- Achievements:;;Paganini of the piano; set new expectations for piano technique; first solo recital; harmonic experimentation
- Innovation: ;Symphonic Poem (Many character pieces.)
|
|
|
- High technical demands.
- Great variety of expression and contrast (e.g., extremely soft, lyrical, legato to loud, poweful, marcato.)
- Irregular Phrasing
- Polyrhythm
- Tempo Rubato
- Wide Intervals
|
|
|
- Birth:;;Early 1800s (1819 – 1896)
- Country of Birth:;;Leipzig, Germany
- Career:;;Began composing at age 11; performed concerts even after marriage and 8 kids; taught piano at Leipzig conservatory
- Claim to Fame:;;One of first women to have successful international career as concert pianist.
|
|
Felix Mendelssohn
;
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth:;;Early 1800s (1809 – 1847)
- Country of Birth:;;Germany
- Earning a Living:;;Father was authoritarian; allowed for early compositional experiences in life; studied the works of J. S. Bach; organized Choir to meet weekly and sing his music
|
|
Felix Mendelssohn
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
- Achievement:;;The leading German composer in the second quarter of the 19th century
- Influence:;;Independent program overtures; first to use baton for instrumental conducting
|
|
Felix Mendelssohn
;
Style
|
|
- Proportion and balance.
- “Elfin” Style
- Program Overture
- Largely Diatonic
- Variety of tone color and excellent orchestration
- Very restrained, classically.
- Tuneful
- Some sudden shifts in dynamics.
|
|
Hector Berlioz
;
Life/Career
|
|
;
- Birth:;;Born in the early 1800s ;(1803 – 1869)
- Country of Birth:;;France
- Earning a Living:;;Had conflicting parental ideology (conservative Catholic mother v. liberal, secular father); took flute and guitar lessons; self-trained in harmony (read Rameau’s treatise); started Medical degree trainng at father’s wishes; later entered Paris Conservatory; ;became infatuated with Harriet Smithson; won Prix de Rome;;studied in Italy; made his living as a music critic; became a virtuoso conductor; published a treatise on orchestration.
;
|
|
Hector Berlioz
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
- Achivements: ;Published treatise on orchestration; important music critic.
- Influences:;;Wrote in “hybrid genres.”
|
|
|
- Importance of programmatic associations or stories
- Importance of instrumental color.
- Inclusion of previously unimportant instruments (e.g., harp)
- Recurring and transforming themes
- Free counterpoint
- Classical Harmonic language.
|
|
Gioachino Rossini
;
Life/Career
|
|
;
- Birth:;;Born Late 1700s (1792 – 1868)
- Country of Birth:;;Italy
- Country of Career:;;Between France and Italy
- Earning a Living: ;Began career as Opera composer; wrote about 37 operas in 20 years; recieved world-wide popularity; moved to Paris; composed last masterpiece “William Tell”; lived in semi-retirement, going back and forth between Italy and France
;
|
|
Gioachino Rossini
;
Claim to Fame
|
|
- Achievements:;;Most prominent Italian composer in early 19th century; most important work and development in Opera Buffa; greatest work was William Tell.
- Influences:;;Rossini crescendo; development of Opera Buffa
|
|
Gioachino Rossini
;
Style
|
|
- Patter style
- Accompanimental orchestra
- Sometimes, utilizes traditional basso.
- Wrote our vocal ornamentation.
- Rossini Crescendo
|
|
|
- Birth:;;Early 1800s (1805 – 1847)
- Country of Birth:;;Germany
- Career:;;Composed first piece at age 14; family discouraged her from publishing, wasn’t respectable from a woman of her social class
- Importance: Composed many partsongs, lieder, and piano pieces.
|
|
Carl Maria von Weber
Life/Career
|
|
- Birth: Late 1700s. (1786 – 1826)
- Country of Birth: Germany
- Career: Virtuoso pianist; had a hand rage of a 12th; Established a German romantic opera; worked as a theatre director; unifcation of all the arts in opera productions
|
|