| List some of the ways that Wagner influenced future composers and artists. |
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complex chromatic chords
evasion of resolutions
constant modulation |
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| Discuss some of the Harmonic innovations of Wagner. |
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The Tristan Chord
The Ring Cycle |
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| What are the four operas that make up the ring cycle?
How are they connected?
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Give a 1-2 sentence summary of the plot and the moral goal of the cycle. |
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Das Rheingold, Dei Walkurie, Siegfried, Gotterdamerong.
They are linked by a connecting story.
It stretches over a 4 night period and follows the characters and their lust for gold. |
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| What are some of the changes that occured in music after 1850 in regards to the repertoire that was being performed? |
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They focused on “musical classics”
Older works grew
Interest in the music of the past grew. |
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| Briefly describe the musical dispute that centralized Brahms and Wagner. |
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Absolute vs. Program Music
Classic vs. New |
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| Both sides in the Brahms/Wagner dispute actually had similar goals. What were they? |
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| Wanted linking with Beethovan and wanted to appeal to audiences. |
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| Describe the relationship between Brahms and the Schumann family. |
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| After Schumann’s suicide, Brahms took care of the family. |
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| How is the German Requiem of Brahms different than a traditional Requiem? |
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Soprano/Baritone
No mention of Christ in the text
Intended for Concert perf. and is 7 min. |
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| What are some of the general ways that nationalism was captured in 19th century music? |
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| Patriotic subjects were chosen, use of folk songs or setting text in national language. |
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| What are some of the specific sources that Russian artists turned to when they wished to express their nationalism? |
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Folk tales
Folk Songs
Folk dances
History of Russia |
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| What were the major principals of the “Mighty Handful”? |
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Romantic style was favored
Advocated realism
Ignore other techniques and let composers have freedom |
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| Discuss some of the innovative compositional practices of Scriabin. |
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| Became interested in philosophers and then changed his style of composing. |
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| Virtuoso violinist with exceptional technical skills. He was also skilled on the mandolin and guitar. Composed solos and chamber music for all three. |
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| Born in Hungary and trained in Vienna. The most astounding piano virtuoso of his era. From a young age he sought to match the virtuosity of Paganini. |
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| German opera composer and important figure in the 19th century culture. Brought German Romantic Opera to it’s peak. |
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| Major figure in Italian opera after Donizetti. |
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| Born in Hamburg into a modest family; his father played horn and double bass. Leading German Composer of his time in all areas except opera. |
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| Late Romantic Composer, known for his symphonies and association with the Cecilian movement. |
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| First Russian composer to be recognized for a distinctly Russian style. |
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| Developed from Pushkin’s play, based on the long held belief that he murdered his nephew who ws heir to the throne. |
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| Born in the Russian Countryside, and trained at the New St. Petersberg Conservatory. |
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| Wrote mostly for piano and was influenced by Chopin and Liszt. Developed a style that was not tonal, but used a chord or collection of notes that functioned as a reference point or tonic. |
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| A virtuoso pianist, he wrote idiomatically and expressively for the piano. Also, wrote opera, chamber music, and sacred and secular choral works. |
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