Johannes Brahms

  • Wrote 4 symphonies
  • The most versatile and accomplished composer after Beethoven
  • he was a “classicist”
  • Went back to sonata form
  • Also wrote string quartets, piano sonatas, and choral music
  • Wrote Absolute music
  • used contrapuntal complexity
  • much use of hemiola

Absolute music
Non-programmatic music written for the sake of music. (In other words doesn’t have an extra-musical theme).
Hemiola
The linear use of 2 against 3.
Sesquialtera
The vertical use of 2 against 3.
Chaconne
Ostinato series of harmonies.
Passacaglia
Repeated ostinato, particularly in the bass voice.
Anton Bruckner

  • “Caecilian” movement (attempt to get back to styles of the 16th century, Palestrina counterpoint, gregorian chant)
  • Most of his symphonies start with “nebula”- elemental theme, primordial
  • remembered mostly for his symphonies and sacred compositions
  • Wrote ten symphonie(one is #0)
  • Until late is his career his reputation rested mainly on his improvisatory skills at the organ

Cyclic
where melodic material returns later in the piece
Russia, “The Mighty Five”
“Mr. BBC”
Mussorgsky, Modeste
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolai
Borodin, Alexander
Balakirev, Mily
Cui, Cesar
Prince Igor
Alexander Borodin
In the Steppes of Central Asia
Alexander Borodin
Night on Bald Mountain
Modest Mussorgsky
Pictures at an Exhibition
Modest Mussorgsky
Boris Godunov
Modest Mussorgsky
Khovanschina
Modest Mussorgsky
Capriccio Espagnol
Nicolai Rimksy-Korsakov
Scheherazade
Nicolai Rimksy-Korsakov
Russian Easter Overture
Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
The Golden Cockerel
Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Poem of Ecstacy
Alexander Scriabin
Prometheus
Alexander Scriabin
Gustav Mahler

  • Austrian composer
  • Masterful orchestrator
  • “progressive” tonality
  • 9 symphonies
  • 1897-1907 Vienna Opera Music Director
  • Met. Opera 1907-09
  • NY Phil. 1909-10
  • Lied

Composer who abandons key signature. Uses “mystic” chord (quartal)
Scriabin
Nielsen

“extended” tonality

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Free chromaticism

all 12 pitches equal

Richard Wagner

  • Consummation of German Romantic Opera
  • Creation of new musical genre- The Music Drama
  • Carried harmony to a point nearing dissolution of tonality (chromatic harmony)
  • One of the only composers whose writings were influential outside music

Franz Liszt

  • Hungarian pianist, composer, conductor, and teacher
  • evolved method of “thematic transformation”
  • Invented the symphonic poem for orchestra
  • Greatest piano virtuoso of his time, and possibly all time
  • Used technique and concert personality to spread, through transcriptions, knowledge of other composer’s works

Tasso
Franz Liszt (, sym.poem)
Orpheus
Franz Liszt (symphonic poem)
Les preludes
Franz Liszt (symphonic poem)
Prometheus
Franz Liszt (symphonic poem)
Mazeppa
Franz Liszt (symphonic poem)
A Faust Symphony
Franz Liszt
Dante Symphony
Franz Liszt
12 Transcendental Etudes
Franz Liszt
6 Transcendental Etudes after Paganini
Franz Liszt
Years of Pilgrimage
Franz Lizst
Nicolo Paganini

  • Italian violinist, and composer
  • Famous for his virtuosity as a violinist

Five Violin Concertos
Nicolo Paganini
Moto perpetuo
Nicolo Paganini
24 caprices (solo violin)
Nicolo Paganini
Tchaikovsky

  • wrote ten operas
  • 6 symphonies
  • 3 piano concertos

Swan Lake
Tchaikovsky
Sleeping Beauty
Tchaikovsky
Nutcracker
Tchaikovsky
Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture
Tchaikovsky
Marche Slav
Tchaikovsky
Francesca Rimini
Tchaikovsky
Manfred Symphony
Tchaikovsky
Symphony 2 in c-“Little Russian”
Tchaikovsky
Symphony 6 in b- “Pathetique”
Tchaikovsky
Dvorak

  • wrote 9 symphonies
  • many other pieces

Slavonic Dances
Dvorak
Czech Suite
Dvorak
Carneval Overture
Dvorak
In Nature’s Realm
Dvorak
Two Serenades
Johannes Brahms
Ein deutsches Requiem
Johannes Brahms
Haydn Variations
Johannes Brahms
Academic Festival Overture
Johannes Brahms
Tragic Overture
Johannes Brahms
Symphony #0 in d – ;Die Nullte;
Anton Bruckner
Symphony #4 in Eb – ;Romantic;
Anton Bruckner
Symphony #9 in d – ;unfinished;
Anton Bruckner
Ma Vlast (My Fatherland)
Smetana
The Bartered Bride
Smetana
Jenufa
Janacek
Cunning Little Vixen
Janacek
Sinfonietta
Janacek
Glagolitic
Janacek
symphonic poem

  • new name for the previous concert overture
  • programmatic pieces that are traditionally one movement long

used ;Progressive tonality;
Mahler
used ;extenden tonality;
Nielsen
Programmatic music
music with a non-musical purpose or theme
Hugo Wolf
used aug. chords, functional chords used non-functionally
Macbeth
Strauss
Don Juan
Strauss
Don Quixote
Strauss
Elektra (opera)
Strauss
Symphony 1 in D (Titan)
Mahler
Symphony 2 in c (Resurrection)
Mahler
Symphony 3 in d (Hymn to Nature)
Mahler
Symphony 8 in Eb (Symphony of a Thousand)
Mahler
Goethe lieder
Wolf