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| 1702, group of amateurs who gives concerts |
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| Variations…used in late renaissance and early baroque |
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| Traite’ de l’harmonie (who, when, what) |
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| Rameau, 1722, Treatise on Harmony, first treatise on functional harmony |
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| Jesu, Juva or Soli Deo Gloria |
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| tuning with 12 equidistant semitones |
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| short aria in simple style…Handel |
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| Pio Ospedale della Pieta (what, where, who) |
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| school for girls where instrumental flourished, Venice, Vivaldi |
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| rapid singing of many sllables on one note…opera buffa style |
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| Passion According to St. Matthew (who) |
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| Music for the Royal Fireworks |
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| The Harmonious Blacksmith |
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| The Art of the Fugue (who) |
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| “Christ lag in Todesbanden” (who) |
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| Goldberg Variations (who) |
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| Twelve Method Sonatas (who) |
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| Brandenburg Concertos (who) |
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| What work by Vivaldi for violin and orchestra is an early example of program music? |
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| What works constitute Vivaldi’s greatest contribution to Baroque instrumental literature? |
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| Discuss movements of Four Seasons |
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| 1. La Prima Versa (spring), E, bird song, bubbly
2. La Estate (summer) Bb, bird kuckoo and turtle doves
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3. L’Autunno (autumn) F, merry making at harvest, peaceful slumber
4. L’Inverno (winter) f, chattering teeth, shivering from snow…also sitting by fire and outdoor winter fun |
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| Why was Vivaldi not old-fashioned? |
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| Homophonic, slow harmonic rhythm, not baroque sounding |
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| What prolific 18th century composer composed over 4000 works? |
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| In what cities did Telemann work and what Bach job was originally offered to him? |
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| Leipzig, Eisenach, Frankfurt, Hamburg; Leipzig Thomaskirche |
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| What is the significance of Twelve Method Sonatas |
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| What are Telemann’s Major contributions |
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| Music was made more accessible to amateurs by simplifying scores, had concerts with both sacred and secular music |
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| What composer first acheived fame as a music theorist? |
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| What is considered as Rameau’s operatic masterpiece? (what and when) |
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| What important concepts are presented by Rameau in his Treatise on Harmony? |
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1. Overtone Series
2. Chord is the most important elemant
3. Chord is identified by its root
4. Hierarchy of Chords
5. Chord’s function changes in modulation |
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| What type of music did Bach write at his different jobs? |
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Arnstadt, Wiermar – Organ Music
Cothen – clavier, instrumental chamber music, cello suites, brandenburg concertos |
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| For whom was Bach’s Music Offering composed? |
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| Frederick the Great of Prussia |
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| What work by JS Bach is a compendium of fugal composition for an unspecified instrument |
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| Cite works by Bach which demonstrate symbolism, throughness of approach |
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Symbolism: Cantata #4
Thoroughness: Jesu Meine Freude |
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| What are the contents of each of the four Clavier-Ubung? |
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I. 6 partitas published seperately
II. Italian concerto and misc. smaller works
III.organ works with preludes, fugues, and chorale settings
IV. Goldberg variations for harpsichord (an aria with 30 variations – one of the best set of variations ever composed) |
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| Who did Handel learn about Italian opera from? |
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| What work by Handelhas a history of being performed for benevolent causes? |
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| Who was Handel’s patron in Germany? In England? |
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| Germany Georg Ludwig; England – Queen Anne |
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| What composer is credited with composing the first English oratorios? |
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| Who was one of the first composers to write music in all keys and why was this possible? |
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| Bach – equal temperament tuning |
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| What German-born composer became a naturalized British citizen? |
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| keyboard accompaniment with broken octaves |
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| keyboard accompaniment with broken chords |
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| a comic opera containing elements of tragedy but still humorous |
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| a type of opera that relates the story of a person in peril of death who is saved through heroic endeavors |
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| tragic opera – 3 acts, based on historic figures, plot of choosing duty over love, secco recitative, arias where at the end reflecting on what just happened |
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| a theme symbolizing a certain character, thing, place, idea, or state of mind…a unifying force in many german operas |
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| using the same several measures to conclude different sections of a work |
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| ABA’ – last section was ornamentation of first section |
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| a comic opera with 2 acts – evolved from intermezzo |
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| a short, through composed vocal solo, less elaborate than aria |
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| spoken in prose interspersed with verses set to traditional tunes or popular melodies |
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| crushed grace not – characteristic of Scarlatti’s sonatas |
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| a section of indeterminate length with impression of stalling or waiting for the entrance of important material |
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| lead tenor in Italian opera |
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| scenes in between acts of a tragic opera used for comic relief |
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| group of stock characters, directly influences intermezzo |
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| political satire song, used preexisting popular melody |
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| german light opera, had spoken dialogue and strophic songs |
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| group of instruments which excludes trumpets and timpani |
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| a strophic song usually recounting an ancient love story or a historic event of gallantry |
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| What are some of the trademarks or ideals of the 18th century “Enlightenment” or “Age of Reason” |
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| skepticism of the church, emphasis on knowledge |
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| Name composers, statesmen, monarchs, and writers who were members of Freemasonry |
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| Schiller, George Washington, Lessing, Swift, Klopstock, Goeth, Beaumarchais, Mozart, Hayden, Frederick the Great, Joseph II, Benjamin Franklin |
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| Name several Enlightenment writers who affected public opinion and thought? |
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| John Locke, Isaac Newton, David Hume, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Rousseau |
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| Name several European and American cities which were among the first to offer public concerts int he 18th century |
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| Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Charleston |
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| What is a Lombardic rhythm? Who liked to use it? |
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| Scottish snap, short note on the beat, Francois Couperin |
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| What is the significance of HC Koch’s Treatise on Composition? |
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| first to describe sonata form thoroughly |
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| What Italian composer made a significant contribution to early keyboard sonata? How many did he compose? Where did he work? |
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| Scarlatti, 550-600, Spain/Iberia |
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| What were the sequence of movements for the Pre-Classical concerto? |
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| Which composer was the first to use piano for public performance? |
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| Name four composers of Pre-Classical keyboard concertos |
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| W.F. Bach, J.C.F. Bach, J.C. Bach, C.P.E. Bach |
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| Who was the most representative composer of Empfindsamer Stil? |
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| What work established CPE Bach’s fame? |
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| Versuch uber die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen (essay on the true art of playing keyboard instruemnts) |
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| What type of abuses in 18th century opera seria led to opera reform? |
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| Da cappo aria, too much ornamentation |
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| Who wrote Il teatro alla moda (The fashionable Theater) and what was its importance? |
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| Benedetto Marcello, stated the state of opera of the time and its abuses and said it needed to fixed |
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| Name the title and composer of the first important intermezzo |
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| La Serva Padrona – Pergolesi |
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| What “pamphlet war” was touched off by the performance of an Italian intermezzo in a French opera in paris? |
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| The War of the Vuffoonists in August 1752 |
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| What was the 1st complete opera buffa to receive international acclaim? |
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| Il Flosofo di Campagna (The Country philosopher), Baldassare Galuppi, 1754 |
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| What opera by Mozart represents perfection of drama giocoso? |
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| What is another name for Italian opera overture? |
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| What forms did pre-classic symphony derive from? |
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| trio sonata and baroque concerto |
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| Who wrote the first symphony? |
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| Pre-Classic Symphony gets its name and derives from what? |
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| Who were the major composers of the Pre-Classic symphony? |
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| Stamitz, Sammartini, CPE Bach |
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