What are the identifying characteristics of a true folk song?
songs of unknown authorship, handed down orally for many generations
What best describes all ballad songs?
song that tells a story
What were the churches called in slave times where the spirituals developed?
Praise Houses
Through what famous singing group did america first learn of Spirituals?
Fisk Jubilee Singers
Why did folklorists John and Alan Lomax first tour through America seeking to record folk and blues?
They realized that the folk traditions in remote communities were in danger of being lost to the commercial reach of radio
What folk artist collected songs from his travels through the south and was eventually pardoned on 2 separate prison sentences, one with help from the Lomaxes.
Leadbelly
What 5 instruments usually compise the average Bluegrass band?
Fiddle, mandolin, guitar, banjo, bass fiddle
What prolific songwriter and performer embodied the folk-spirit of the Okie farmer of the Depression and came to symbolize the radical political folk musician?
Woodie Guthrie
What is the traditional music of the white, french speaking country people of the bayou regions of central and southern Louisiana? and the blacks?
White=Cajun
Black=Zydeco
Why is Bob Dylan considered the most influential American pop musician of the 1960s?
He brought a socially aware, intelligent and poetic approach to songwriting
What was a Medicine Show ?
A traveling business selling “patent medicines”
What country star developed the guitar playing technique of playing the melody on the bass strings while picking chords on the higher strings?
Maybelle Carter
Which singer learned the blues as a railroad laborer, later combining it with hillbilly music?
Jimmie Rodgers
The style of country music is most associated with Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys is:
Western Swing
Hey, Good Lookin, Cold Cold Heart and Your Cheatin’ Heart were all written and performed by the person also often credited as the best country songwriter of all time:
Hank Williams Sr.
Rockabilly can be described as a blend of what 2 styles of music?
Hillbilly and R
Which independent record label first discovered and developed Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis?
Sun
Who created the first country/rock album, and what is the record’s title?
The Byrds “Sweetheart of the Rodeo”
What 3 cities are the major producers of country music in the USA?
Austin, TX Bakersfield, CA Nashville,TN
What artist has the best selling Country album of all time, No Fences?
Garth Brookes
true / false
Instrumentation(the choice of instruments used) is a deciding factor in determining whether music is “true” folk music
false
What is folk process?
The collective changing of a song
The appalachian music tradition gets most of its Celtic music tradition from what countries?
Scotland, Ireland, England, Wales, and the Hebrides
What artist was called “America’s tuning fork” by poet Carl Sandburg; stayed on the forefront of music and politics through the 1960s ; was blacklisted by the McCarthy era’s HUAC Committee; and wrote 60s civil rights and folk anthems We Shall Overcome, If I Had A Hammer and Turn, Turn, Turn?
Peter Seeger
What East Coast folk artist openly opposed the Vietnam War by organizing hte Institute of for the study of Non-Violence, and also made the song We Shall Overcome, co-written by Pete Seeger, the 1960s antiwar anthem?
Joan Baez
Bob Dylan traveled from his Minnesota home to New York City, allowing him to see what dying folk artist, who was also his most important single influence?
Woody Guthrie
The majority of music on the air during the early days of radio came from what source?
Local talent performing live
Hillbilly music’s first multi-million seller, The Prisoner’s Song, was recorded on many record labels by the same artist. What was his name used on his first recording with Victor?
Vernon Dalhart
Which artist became the first Western Movie Star by batlling the Phantom Empire from his horse and singing songs like That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine in the 1930s science fiction movie series? He later went on to star in over 80 films and started producing the first ever made for TV series.
Gene Autry
What artist combined country and rhythm and blues to create the first rock and roll million selling hit?
Bill Haley and the Comets
Besides Don Law, what 2 Nashville producers created the “Nashville Sound”?
Owen Bradley and Chet Atkins
Where did Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson go in the early 1970s when they left Nashville to start a fresh country sound?
Austin, Tx
What country movement/style is associated with the early 1980s that blends disco-ized country songs and electronic rodeos?
Urban Cowboy
Who recorded Crazy Blues, the first recorded vocal blues song(1920)?
Mamie Smith
Who was known as “Empress of the Blues”?
Bessie Smith
How was Down Home blues generally different than city blues in the 1920s?
Down home blues are generally performed solo
What are the 2 largest cities in the Mississippi Delta region?
Memphis and Helena Arkansas
What was the name of the most commonly practiced vocal group gospel style from the late 1920s through the 1940s?
Jubilee style
What regions are considered important style centers in down-home country blues?
Mississippi Delta, Piedmont Carolinas, and Texas
What music style characteristics are commonly identified with Mississippi Delta Blues?
Percussive attack on guitar and bottleneck slide guitar
Who was responsible for packaging the album Robert Johnson, King of the Delta Blues Singers and invited Johnson to perform at Carnegie Hall in his From Spirituals to Swing concerts, (but Johnson died just weeks befor the event).
John Hammond Sr.
What Chicago-based record label recorded electric blues artists like Muddy Waters and Howlin’ Wolf?
Chess
What Texas blues artist injected jazz progressions into his blues, influencing blues artists since?
T-Bone Walker
In regards to entertainment, the term Broadway is synonymous with:
American Musical Theater
Before radio and television shows, what was considered by the music business to be the most important quality for a song’s success
Good Songwriting
What turn of the century piano style was first popularized by Scott Joplin and used in minstretl shows, becoming crucial in the development of early jazz?
Ragtime
British team Gilbert and Sullivan were immensely popular in What category of entertainment does their work fall?
Operettas
What type of staged variety show of the late 1800s early 1900s contained a lineup of 10 acts by a group of musicians, acrobats, family acts, comedians, jugglers, magicians and trained animals?
Vaudevilles
What underclass groups were the predominant creative sources fro the first major trends in American pop music?
Jews and African Americans
George Gershwin became famous for his upbeat, witty shows and film scores, but is best remembered for his opera masterpiece of 1935 called:
Porgy and Bess
Which songwriter was on the staff at Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox, MGM, and Paramount Studios from 1933 through 1961, and is the most successful songwriter in the history of motion pictures?
Harry Warren
When did the record companies begin to use electricity to cut grooves instead of the acoustic power inherent in sound.
1925
What instrument designer cited the Theremin as the major influence for his own most popular product?
Robert Moog
1. The term “blues” and the music it describes was first notated by a university in what century?
. 20th
2. The first sales of blues music on records opened an entirely new market of black music for black consumers. What was this market called by the record industry before 1948?
Race Records
3. Who was known as “Empress of the Blues?”
Bessie Smith
4. The most well-known style associated with bottleneck (slide) is:
Delta Blues
6. What are two of the most common style characteristics of Piedmont Blues music and performance? (2 answers)
12-string guitar and Danceable ragtime blues
7. Who was “discovered” and recorded by Alan Lomax in Mississippi, moved to Chicago in 1943, and became Chess Records biggest blues star?
Muddy Waters
8. What gospel style, characterized by multiple wailing lead vocals, popularized by groups such as the Soul Stirrers, replaced the jubilee style in the late 1940s?
Hard gospel
9. Which gospel singer was influenced by the blues vocals of Bessie Smith, and was dubbed “The Queen of Gospel Music?”
Mahalia Jackson
10. What section of Memphis, Tennessee was the center of live music activity for bluesmen such as B.B. King, Furry Lewis, Bukka White, and Willie Newborn?
Beale Street
11. What was the name of the Manhattan publishing community that became prominent at the dawn of the 20th century, providing the songs for theater shows?
Tin Pan Alley
12. Before radio and television shows, what was considered by the music business to be the most important quality for a song’s success?
Good songwriting
13. Where is New York’s Broadway Theatre district today?
Along Broadway between 42nd and 54th Streets
14. What turn-of-the-century piano style was first popularized by Scott Joplin and used in minstrel shows, becoming crucial in the development of early jazz?
Ragtime
15. What is a revue?
A collection of light songs and comic skits
16. What underclass groups were the predominant creative sources for the first major trends in American pop music? (two answers)
Jews and African Americans
17. George Gershwin became famous for his upbeat, witty shows and film scores, but
is best remembered for his opera masterpiece of 1935 called:
Porgy and Bess
18. Which songwriter was a Russian immigrant and starting in 1911, wrote a series of smash hits including Alexander’s Ragtime Band, God Bless America, White Christmas, Blue Skies, and Putting on the Ritz?
Irving Berlin
19. When did record companies begin to use electricity to cut grooves instead of the acoustic power inherent in sound?
1925
20. When did dynamic (moving coil) mics first become popular in broadcasting and
recording?
1931
1. Which previously established musical groups became the first jazz units in New Orleans?
Marching bands
2. What was Storyville?
A New Orleans neighborhood set aside for brothels and gambling
3. What instrument began to replace the tuba when jazz moved indoors?
Double Bass
4. Who was the ragtime-trained New Orleans pianist who became the first significant composer of jazz?
Jelly Roll Morton
5. Who was the first significant jazz soloist, and the first internationally recognized jazz stars making the art of solo improvisation one of the basic foundations of all of jazz? He is possibly the most important jazz artist of all time.
Louis Armstrong
5. Who was the first significant jazz soloist, and the first internationally recognized jazz stars making the art of solo improvisation one of the basic foundations of all of jazz? He is possibly the most important jazz artist of all time.
Louis Armstrong
6. New York’s James P. Johnson created a new swinging style of ragtime. What is this piano style called?
Stride
7. What is the standard instrumentation of the swing orchestra? List the number of instruments contained each section:
5 Saxophones, 4 Trombones, 4 Trumpets + Rhythm Section
8. Who was the Harlem Renaissance pianist and bandleader that made jazz arranging and composition into a fine art, broadcasting his music across the country from the Cotton Club?
Duke Ellington
9. What Kansas City swing band was known for its strong anchoring in the blues and often played their parts from memory instead of from charts?
The Count Basie Orchestra
10. What jazz artist popularized electric guitar with horn-like single line solos while playing with Benny Goodman?
Charlie Christian
11. Which jazz singer was influenced by Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong during her youth and was “discovered” in New York City by A & R guru John Hammond?
Billie Holiday
12. Bebop was born and developed in what city, in clubs such as Minton’s Playhouse and the Three Deuces?
New York City
13. What was Dizzy Gillespie’s instrument of expertise?
Trumpet
14. What artist/band leader composer first successfully brought the modal approach to jazz?
Miles Davis
15. What saxophonist/ composer released the highly influential Free Jazz LP in 1960?
Ornette Coleman
16. How is the Free jazz style approach different than other jazz styles?
It didn’t require predetermined chord changes
17. Which 1969 album fused rock, funk, and jazz to start a new trend called fusion?
Bitches Brew by Miles Davis
18. Which modern saxophonist/composer toured with Miles Davis, Cecil Taylor, and
Dizzy Gillespie, managed a concert loft in New York, and moved to Florida to pursue his large composition projects?
Sam Rivers
119. Which big band leader/pianist used costumes and stage effects to create experimental jazz, utilizing outer space themes?
Sun Ra
20. List jazz styles in their correct chronological order:
Hot, Chicago, Stride, Swing, Bebop, Cool, Free, Fusion
1. List jazz styles in their correct chronological order:
Hot, Chicago, Stride, Swing, Bebop, Cool, Free, Fusion
2. Where were slaves allowed to congregate and perform traditional dances from their African homelands through most of the 19th Century?
Congo Square in New Orleans, LA
3. Which previously established musical groups became the first jazz units in New Orleans?
Marching bands
4. What instrument began to replace the banjo when jazz moved indoors?
Piano
5. Who was the ragtime-trained New Orleans pianist who became the first significant composer of jazz?
Jelly Roll Morton
6. How did the “Chicago Style” of jazz differ from the New Orleans “hot jazz” style?
“Chicago Style” jazz was New Orleans “hot jazz” with large individual solos
8. In what jazz style era did band need a musical arranger and jazz musicians had to be able to read music?
Swing
9. What is the standard instrumentation of the swing orchestra? List the number of instruments contained each section:
5 Saxophones, 4 Trombones, 4 Trumpets + Rhythm Section
10. Which swing-era bandleader led a band that included Louis Armstrong as a soloist and was dubbed the “Inventor of Swing” because of his arrangements?
Fletcher Henderson
11. What Kansas City swing band was known for its strong anchoring in the blues and often played their parts from memory instead of from charts?
The Count Basie Orchestra
12. Which jazz singer was influenced by Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong during her youth and was “discovered” in New York City by A & R guru John Hammond?
Billie Holiday
13. Bebop was born and developed in what city, in clubs such as Minton’s Playhouse and the Three Deuces?
New York City
14. What was Thelonious Monk’s instrument of expertise?
Piano
15. What West Coast pianist/band leader fused 20th century orchestral elements to jazz, playing tunes in odd time signatures like 5/4 and 9/8?
Dave Brubeck
16. Utilizing laid-back arrangements of bebop-styled tunes, Miles Davis made a 1949 recording for nine players inspired the “Cool Jazz” era. What was the name of this famous album?
Birth of the Cool
17. How is the Free jazz style approach different than other jazz styles?
It didn’t require predetermined chord changes
18. Which 1969 album fused rock, funk, and jazz to start a new trend called fusion?
Bitches Brew by Miles Davis
Which modern saxophonist/composer toured with Miles Davis, Cecil Taylor, and
Dizzy Gillespie, managed a concert loft in New York, and moved to Florida to pursue his large composition projects?
Sam Rivers
20. Which big band leader/pianist used costumes and stage effects to create experimental jazz, utilizing outer space themes?
Sun Ra
1. Which format, released in 1948, became the major record labels primary format to sell musical soundtracks?
LP (33 1/3)
2. What singer first popularized the use of the microphone at close proximity, creating a new vocal sound?
Bing Crosby
3. What is the biggest selling song recording in U.S. chart history?
White Christmas
4. List Cuban dance crazes in the correct chronological order:
Rumba, Conga, Mambo
5. With the help of Billboard magazine in 1948, what was the new descriptive term for black popular music, replacing the label “race records?”
Rhythm and Blues (R & B)
6. What black piano style, coming out of the south, became a driving force in rhythm and blues, and later, rock and roll?
Boogie-Woogie
7. About when did magnetic tape replace wax as the primary high quality recording medium?
1950
8. What new policies came about regarding the selection of music for radio programming in 1947-48 that marked the beginning of rock and roll, and the short reign of the radio DeeJay?
Radio stations could play records on the air for the first time
9. How did the demographic of the record buyer change when white audiences began buying large amounts of R & B and rock and roll?
The target demographic moved from adults to teens
10. What was the name of Alan Freed’s famous teen radio show broadcast out of Cleveland, Ohio in 1951?
The Moondog Show
11. How many tracks was considered high standard in the large studios during the 1950s?
3 tracks
12. During which five year period did doowop music reach its peak airwave saturation in the U.S.?
1955-1959
13. Who are credited with being R&B then rock songwriters who became the music businesses’ first independent producers, later spawning the Sweet Soul style?
Leiber and Stoller
14. Which Chicago record label was responsible for making both Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry hit artists?
Chess
15. On what record label did Ray Charles first find his voice, a sound that would later be called Soul?
Atlantic
16. Sun Records owner Sam Phillips invested in two Ampex 350 tape machines that enabled him to create what studio effect?
Slapback echo
17. To which label was Elvis Presley signed to when he first began using television to introduce himself to the national audience?
RCA/Victor
18. What famous gospel group did Sam Cooke leave when he jumped from sacred to soul music?
The Soul Stirrers
19. Who co-created Aldon Music and crafted the “girl group” sound of the early 1960s?
Don Kirshner
20. Dionne Warwick made what writing team famous in the ‘60 by singing their songs, like Walk On By, I Say a Little Prayer, and Do You Know the Way to San Jose?
Bacharach and David
1. Which two Broadway musical songwriters are credited with integrating songs, dialogue, and dance together to create a nonstop storyline- the integrated musical? (two answers)
Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein
2. What pop singer left a swing band in 1942, performed a month at Paramount Theater in Manhattan, and racked up 33 Top Ten hits between 1943 and 1952?
Frank Sinatra
3. List Cuban dance crazes in the correct chronological order:
Rumba, Conga, Mambo
4. What was the name of the U.S. touring route that matched up black artists (as well as movies) with nightclubs and movie houses?
Chitlin’ Circuit
5. Who introduced Boogie Woogie to the public at large through a series of concerts at Carnegie Hall, called From Spirituals to Swing?
John Hammond
Who is most often credited as the Father of R&B, who first took the jump band to
fame through Decca Records?
Louis Jordan
7. What is an acetate?
A metal platter coated with acetate polymer
8. How much time could fit on a side of the 33 1/3rpm 12-inch LP?
20 minutes
9. What new policies came about regarding the selection of music for radio programming in 1947-48 that marked the beginning of rock and roll, and the short reign of the radio DeeJay?
Radio stations could play records on the air for the first time
10. Which Atlantic Records employee convinced the label’s executives to adopt recording to tape, recording in stereo, and using 8-track tape machines as soon as the technology was made available in the 1950s?
Tom Dowd
11. What was the name of Alan Freed’s famous teen radio show broadcast out of Cleveland, Ohio in 1951?
The Moondog Show
12. In the 1950s, how did a cover song and a remake differ?
A remake doesn’t directly compete with the original
13. What did Bo Diddley do on the guitar that imposed a new vitality to the instrument?
Bo played the guitar like a drummer would play drums
14. On what record label did Ray Charles first find his voice, a sound that would later be called Soul?
Atlantic
15. What city did Elvis Presley grow up in, and make his first several years of recordings?
Memphis
16. Buddy Holly and the Crickets decided to change from a country band to a rock and roll band after seeing what act perform?
Elvis Presley
17. Which teen idol came from a television series and became the 4th best selling artist of the period from 1955 to 1959?
Ricky Nelson
18. What is “Sweet Soul”?
Soul music with big budget orchestral production values such as strings, etc.
19. Who is known as the creator of the Wall of Sound production style?
Phil Spector
20. Which songwriting team specialized in writing girl group hits for Aldon Music, turning out hits such as Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow, One Fine Day, and The Loco-Motion?
Goffin and King
1. Who emerged as the prominent musical force behind the Beach Boys by writing most of the songs, arranging them, and later producing the sessions?
Brian Wilson
2. Which specific style of music initially dominated the Jamaican sound system dances of the 1950s?
American R & B
3. Who was the Jamaican DJ credited as first at creating lyrics that were performed live over a record at sound systems?
Count Machuki
4. Who was Motown’s, and the America’s, leading group of the 1960s?
The Supremes
5. Who wrote the majority of The Supremes’ hits, including Where Did Our Love Go?, Baby Love, Stop in the Name of Love, You Can’t Hurry Love, and Love is Here To Stay and Now You’re Gone?
. Holland/Dozier/Holland
6. Which Motown soloist sang with Chicago’s Moonglows doo-wop group, later played drums for the Miracles, married Berry Gordy’s sister, and scored twenty big hits?
Marvin Gaye
7. Which two record labels played the biggest roles in producing the raw, emotional grooves known as “southern soul?” (two answers)
Stax
8. Who were the four members of the Beatles, from 1962 onward?
John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr
9. Who was the Beatles producer, sometimes called “the fifth Beatle?”
George Martin
10. During what month and year did the Beatles become the only popular music act to ever simultaneously hold all top 5 positions on the U.S. Billboard Singles Chart?
April 1964
11. What three men became the elder mentors to a generation of British blues players like Mick Jagger, Charlie Watts, Brian Jones, Jack Bruce, Ginger Baker, Jeff Beck, Eric Burdon, Eric Clapton, and Mick Fleetwood by the way of guidance and club or band ownership: (three answers)
John Mayall
Alexis Korner
Cyril Davies
12. To what indie-label’s studio did the Rolling Stones go during their first trip to the U.S. to cut the EP Five by Five?
Chess in Chicago
13. What was the name of the San Francisco area student writer who was part of the “Merry Pranksters” crew, introducing the public to LSD through the legendary “Acid Tests” events?
Ken Kesey
14. Who was the young engineer who helped the Beatles create their “psychedelic” concept
albums from 1966 onward?
Geoff Emerick
15. What creative studio techniques did The Beatles incorporate during the recording of Tomorrow Never Knows for the Revolver album? (two answers)
Tape loops and Backwards tape
16. What band was the first pop success out of San Francisco, popularizing the hippie look and psychedelic music style in 1967?
Jefferson Airplane
17. What is the name of the section of San Francisco that is near Golden Gate Park and was the home base of the Grateful Dead?
Haight-Ashbury
18. In an effort to break out of what they considered bland English pop music, Cream took a different approach that helped change the style of high-energy blues rock. What was their new focus?
The ability to improvise extensively
19. Where did Chas Chandler, Jimi Hendrix’ manager, take Hendrix to form his Experience band and initially record them?
London, England
20. What 1967 concert introduced the Jimi Hendrix Experience to America at large; the same concert where he burned and smashed his guitar?
Monterey Pop Festival
1. What artist, dubbed “King of the Surf Guitar,” created a style copied by better known surfer groups?
Dick Dale
2. What year did James Brown get his first U.S. R & B hit, “Please, Please, Please”?
1956
3. What is toasting as it relates to Jamaican sound systems?
A DJ using a microphone to add stylized lyrics over a record
4. Which ska group was founded in 1964 as jazz-trained studio musicians, embodying the instrumental music of the era, while backing artists such as The Maytals and The Wailers, as well as recording their own work?
The Skatalites
5. Berry Gordy Jr. had success with writing songs for what artist before the founding of Motown Records?
Jackie Wilson
6. Who wrote the majority of The Supremes’ hits, including Where Did Our Love Go?, Baby Love, Stop in the Name of Love, You Can’t Hurry Love, and Love is Here To Stay and Now You’re Gone?
Holland/Dozier/Holland
7. Guitarist Steve Cropper and bassist Donald Duck Dunn played for what record label as members of the Mar-keys and the MGs?
Stax
8. The Funk Brothers studio band played what type of music in Detroit before getting hired at Motown?
Jazz
9. What city did the Beatles come from?
Liverpool, England
11. During what month and year did the Beatles become the only popular music act to ever simultaneously hold all top 5 positions on the U.S. Billboard Singles Chart?
April 1964
12. What classic American blues label became distributed by Pye Records throughout England in the early 1960s to feed a growing interest in the blues?
Chess
. True or False
As the Rolling Stones evolved through the1960s and 70s, their hits were covers of Chess Records classics, becoming more devoted to pure traditional American blues.
False
14. What ex-Harvard professor became involved in LSD tests and became the “High Priest” of the LSD movement?
Timothy Leary
15. What is the name of Bob Dylan’s backup band during 1965 and 1966?
The Band
16. What creative studio techniques did The Beatles incorporate during the recording of Tomorrow Never Knows for the Revolver album? (two answers)
Tape loops
Backwards tape
17. What is the name of the section of San Francisco that is near Golden Gate Park and was the home base of the Grateful Dead?
Haight-Ashbury
18. Jerry Garcia of The Grateful Dead was predominately influenced by what music style?
Bluegrass
19. Why did Eric Clapton leave his first band, the Yardbirds?
To continue his pursuit of blues music
20. Which recording engineer helped shape Jimi Hendrix’s Electric Lady studios, capturing a new sound and new approach to the studio?
Eddie Kramer