J.S. Bach belonged to a dynastic family of musicians whose members spanned the 16th through the 19th centuries.
True
J.S. Bach’s major appointments were at Weimar, Dresden, and Leipzig.
False
A chorale prelude is a concertato work for organ and one or two solo voices.
False
During his lifetime, J.S. Bach was known primarily in Germany as an organist and improvisor.
True
Each of the two books of the Well-Temerpered Clavier contains 24 toccatas and fugues in all the major and minor keys, arranged C major, a minor, G major, e minor, etc.
False
A tonal answer is an exact transposition of the fugue subject to scale degree 5.
False
Following the exposition, the subject (or answer) of a fugue always returns seven times.
False
The first movement of Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is extended, and its dramatic intensity increased by using sonata form.
False
Despite the popularity of the Brandenburg Concertos during Bach’s day, he wrote no other concertos.
False
Bach’s appointment in Leipzig required him to write an instrumental concerto every week for services at the St. Thomas and St. Nicholas churches.
False
Bach’s cantatas are exclusively sacred.
False
Bach’s cantatas include recitatives, arias, duets, and choruses.
True
When hymns are used in Bach’s cantatas, the last movement is a hymn in fugal style.
False
The first movement of Bach’s cantatas sometimes combines features of the sacred concerto, instrumental concerto, and chorale prelude.
True
Bach’s B minor Mass is a compendium of pieces, many if not all adaptations of his existing works, that illustrate both old and new styles.
True
Name of the catalog of Bach’s works.
Bach Werke Verzeichnis
Intended as a complete cycle of 164 chorale preludes for the entire year, but left incomplete.
Orgelbuchlein
Name for the section of a fugue in which no complete presentation of the subject or answer is heard.
episode
Name for a section of a fugue in which the subject appears in all voices in succession.
Exposition
Major resolution of a cadence in minor.
Picardy Third
Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos contain these two types of concertos.
Concerto grosso
Concerto ripieno
Form commonly used for the first fast movement of an instrumental concerto.
Baroque concerto ritornello
Name for an often improvised section of a concerto for soloist alone.
Cadenza
Many of Bach’s cantatas include movements based on these Lutheran hymns.
Chorale
Generic name for Bach’s Easter oratorios.
Passion
Term for Masses like Bach’s B minor Mass that divide the prayers of the Ordinary into smaller movements.
Operatic/oratorio-like
Example of Bach’s secular cantatas
Coffee Cantata
Name for a three-quarter size violin tuned a third higher than a full-size violin.
Violin Piccolo
Name for a tenor oboe used in Bach’s Cantata 140
Taille
Oboe de caccia
Technique in which two melodies may be played together with either one on top.
Invertible Counterpoint
Dido and Aeneas is an example of an Italian opera seria.
False
Dido’s lament is an example of a chaconne.
False
Opera flourished in England in the late 17th century within a stable political and religious environment.
False
An English semi-opera is a spoken play that incorporates dance and songs.
true
Like the French, the English were skeptical about castrati; consequently they preferred countertenors for high male parts.
True
In Dido and Aeneas, Jupiter convinces Aeneas to leave Carthage to found Rome.
False
Another name for a late 17th century English opera is an all-sung masque.
True
Handel was born in London, went to Italy to learn the style of Italian opera seria, then went to Hamburg in Germany, where he introduced Italian opera for the first time.
False
The Handel Werke Verzeichnis catalogs all of the composer’s works chronologically.
False
17th and 18th century oratorios are different from contemporary operas in featuring frequent choruses and other lyric set pieces in addition to recitatives and arias.
True
Recitativo obbligato is accompanied by full Baroque orchestra, including strings, oboes, trumpets, and drums.
False
Handel’s Water Music is a collection of 6 concerti grossi and ripieno concertos.
False
Handel’s Water Music contains among its movements a French overture, a minuet and trio, and a hornpipe.
True
18th century English theaters featured egalitarian seating plans consisting exclusively of curved rows of seats on a sloped floor, similar to that of the Adler theater.
True
Following the reforms of the early 18th century Italian opera seria became more flexible and creative in its design, incorporating plots that spanned months, comic and heroic characters who travelled among distant locations, freely structured arias, duets, and choruses, and tragic endings, in which the hero and heroine often die
False
Improbably, orphanages played a key role in training singers, instrumentalists, and composers in Paris.
False
Name for an English 17th century festive entertainment that emphasized dancing in which both professional performers and court aristocrats participated
Masque
The most prominent English composer of the last quarter of the 17th century.
Purcell
Name for an English entertainment that featured dancing by grotesque and/or comic characters performed between acts of a longer stage work.
Anti-Masque
Name for an English commemorative work that consists of an instrumental intro followed by a series of arias, duets, and choruses praising the royal family; several of these were written for Queen Mary’s birthdays
English Ode
q17th century English music still displays these examples of specific musical word painting (using the term loosely)
Madrigalisms
Handel’s German patron, the Elector of Hanover, became this English king
George I
Type of work for which Handel became most famous; essentially an unstaged sacred opera
Oratorio
Type of recitative accompanied by basso continuo
Recitativo semplice
Name of one of the most prominent castrato singers of the 18th century
Farinelli
Form used most commonly for 17th and early 18th century dances
Baroque Binary
Name of the composer who helped to make Naples the most prominent operatic seria libretto
Alessandro Scarlatti
Most frequently heard form in the 18th century Italian Opera seria arias
da capo
Vocal style falling in between aria and recitative
arioso
Quasi-scientific Baroque system for expressing emotions in music
Doctrine of Affections
Roman Literacy Academy that reformed and conventionalized the 18th century opera seria libretto
Arcadian
Pluche’s term “musique chantante” referred to the new, lyrically flexible and natural, Italianate styles of music like the galant that appeared in the second quarter of the 18th century.
True
Louis XIV was an enlightened despot.
False
Public concerts became more frequent during the last quarter of the 18th century.
True
Operatic reforms in the 1760s and 1770s involved simplifying plots, reducing conventionality, broadening resources by incorporating ballet and chorus in serious opera, and in general creating a more natural, credible, and emotionally effective style.
True
The intermezzo was a full-length comic opera involving a large cast, characters from various social classes, and lasting up to three hours; acts of an opera buffa were often performed during its intermissions.
False
Unlike French opera comique, Italian opera buffa incorporates spoken dialogue instead of recitative.
False
French opera comique appeared ca 1750 in imitation of imported Italian comic operas performed during the War of the Comedians.
True
The concert symphony developed out of the operative overture and the 17th century sacred concerto.
False
A typical mid-18th century symphony had three movements whose tempos were fast-slow-dance
True
Baroque binary form, end-rhyme binary form, and rounded binary form were sources for late 18th century sonata form.
true
though it produced a number of important symphonic composers, the Mannheim court orchestra was infamous for its undisciplined, sloppy performing and rowdy behavior during concerts.
False
In a galant treatment of binary form, each half of the form consists of a single continuous melody.
false
In end-rhyme-binary form only the last themes of each half of the form correspond.
True
Sentimentality is an artistic style that emphasizes individual feelings and desires over social conventions and obligations; works in this style feature marriage for love, the importance of family and friends, and aristocratic benevolence.
True
The quasi-improvisatory nature and personalized communication of Empfindsamkeit was particularly suited to the organ, the preferred instrument for this style.
False
Intellectually, philosophically, and socially progressive period ca 1725-1775.
Enlightenment
Generic term for an aristocrat who embraced progressive 18th century ideas and social reforms.
Enlightened Despot
The most prominent author of opera seria librettos in the 18th century
Metastasio
Light 18th century style characterized by short themes, lively rhythms, major mode, and metrically unaccented cadences.
Galant
Composer most associated with reforms of serious opera in Vienna in the 1760s and 70s.
Gluck
The earliest opere buffe developed in this city
Naples
Librettist responsible for making opera buffa a tool of social criticism by engaging substantive political issues and for enlivening its drama by incorporating multisectional ensemble finales.
Goldoni
Most prominent example of English ballad opera ca 1730
The Beggar’s Opera
Genre of German art song revived in the mid 18th century in imitation of folksongs
Lied
Multi-movement orchestral concert piece
Symphony
Most prominent symphonist of the Mannheim school
Stamitz
Orchestral effect involving arpeggios performed by strings bowing in unison
Mannheim rocket
Italian keyboard composer and song of the renowned Roman/Neopolitan opera composer
Domenico Scarlatti
Germanic musical style championed by C.P.E. Bach; equivalent to Sentimentality in the other arts
Empfindsamkeit
Son of J.S. Bach who spent most of his career in London
John Christian Bach
Most prominent English composer
Henry Purcell
What operas did Purcell write?
Dido and Aeneas
Fairy Queen
Midsummer Night’s Dream
What do the English odes consist of?
choruses
arias
duets
instrumental intro
What is a masque?
Form of narrative ballet
spoken play
Handel was prominent in which countries?
Hamburg, Germany
Italy
London, England
What is the Handel Werke Verzeichnis?
all of Handel’s composed works organized chornologically within categories
(opera, oratorio)
Each work is given a number
What kinds of music did Handel write?
Opera
Oratorio
Keyboard and orchestral suites
Concertos
J.S. Bach worked as a music director in which cities?
Weimar
Cothen
Leipzig
Bach Werke Verzeichnis?
organized works by Bach
genre. NOT CHRONOLOGICALLY
What kinds of Keyboard music did Bach write?
chorale preludes
Prelude (toccata / fantasia)
Fugue
Keyboard suites
Chorale prelude?
Played on the organ only
Based on the Lutheran chorale
PEDAL POINT!
Well-Tempered Clavier?
Bach
A book consisting of 24 preludes and fugues in all major and minor keys
In a fugue what is….
Subject
Answer
Real Answer
Tonal Answer
Countersubject
Episode
Subject- main theme (tonic)
Answer – response in the dominant
Real Answer – literal transposition of subject to dominent
Tonal Answer – answers tonic with dominent
Countersubject – theme that counteracts the subject
Episode – Can be tied to the subject – new developement; new material
What is the galant style?
light mood
short, insubstantial thematic ideas
lively rhythm
major mode
metrically unaccented cadences
Ballad opera?
Comic opera with retexted popular tunes and spoken dialogue
What is another name for early Italian opera?
Opera Buffa
What is Opera buffa?
sung throughout
2-3 complete acts
included an intermezzo
What is the French Opera comique?
spoken dialogue
musical numbers
German Singspiel?
spoken dialogue
and retexted songs